Bio Psych lecture 5

Question 1

Gastrointestinal Tract

Answer 1

-food is digested and broken down so the nutrients can be delivered as a source of delivery.

Question 2

Disgestion

Answer 2

-mouth breaks down the food and combines with saliva to a moist ball bolus.
-then the stomache uses digestive enzyme hydrocholoric acid to break down further.

-Gastrin is a key digestive enzyme and once its released, hydrocholoric acid is released which creates the perfect acididc environment for digestions especially of proteins.

-drop in ph involved in regulating stomache acid secretation.
-gastrin activates smooth muscle contractions.

-after this, stomache empties food to duodenum and pass to blood stream.

Question 3

Lympathetic System

Answer 3

-fats cant pass directly into the bloodstream, so this transports fats througouht the body through small ducts.

Question 4

Energy is stored as

Answer 4

fats, glycogen, protein

Question 5

Cephalic Phase

Answer 5

prepatory process for feeding.
-food activates digestive system.
-stops when food starts pass into the bloodstream.

Question 6

Gastric Phase

Answer 6

-food is absorbed into the bloodstream.
-lasts 3-4 hours.
-ACh increases the secretation of gastric juices.

Question 7

Intestinal Phase

Answer 7

-begins four hours after eating.
-body relies on stored nutrients to maintain the supply of glucose.

Question 8

Insulin is released during gastric and cephalic phases to help body store nutrients.

Answer 8

-converts glycogen and fat for later use.

Question 9

Glucagon is released during intestinal phase to get energy from stored things.

Answer 9

converts glycogen back into glucose when body needs more energy.

Question 10

Ketones

Answer 10

-alternative energy source muscles can use.

Question 11

Vagus nerve

Answer 11

-helps regulate feeding behavior.
-reduces overeating.

Question 12

Hypothalamus
-Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)
-Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)

Answer 12

-VMH-satiety center.
-when leasioned, hyperphagia (overeating).
-dyamic phase-eating so much and becoming obese.
-static phase-eating enough to sttaying obese.

–>VMH signals hunger when glucoreceptors are low.

LH-hunger center.
-when leisoned, aphagia (not eating), adipsia (not drinking).

Question 13

Amygdala influenced food intake.

Question 14

Ghrelin

Answer 14

VMH
-increases the reward value of food.

Question 15

Leptin

Answer 15

-supresses the motivation to eat.
-anorexia patients are more sensitive to this.

Question 16

Serotonin

Answer 16

-higher levels reduce eating.
-drugs that increase serotonin are used in depression treatment.

Question 17

Orexin

Answer 17

increases the reward value of food.

Question 18

MCH

Answer 18

-promotes food intake.

Question 19

Catabolism

Answer 19

-breakdown of complex molecules to release its energy.

Question 20

Annabolism

Answer 20

-generating complex molecules to store its energy.

Question 21

Chlostrol

Answer 21

promotes cell fluidy.
-can be turn into peptides (estrogen…)
-LDL-bad
-HDL-good

Question 22

Glycogenesis

Answer 22

dreakwon of glycogen into glucose for energy.

Question 23

Glocugenesis

Answer 23

creation of new glucose.
-helps maintain blood-sugar level when glycogen stored ran out.

Question 24

Downregulation of Dopaminergic Neurons

Answer 24

u eat so much to get the rewardy feeling but after a while ur sensitivty decreases to that feeling and u need to eat more to get that feeling again.

Question 25

Cachlexia

Answer 25

-seen in people with bad illnesses.
-reduced food intake, physical impairments, abnormal metabolism.

Question 26

Thirst
-Osmotic Thirst
-Hypovolaemic Thirst

Answer 26

-extrecellulafr fluid promotes thirst.
-osmotic-extrecellular fluid increases (more salty), intracellular decreases.
-it can damage the cell.

-hypovolaemic-intravascular fluid decreases. loss of blood volume
-kidneys secrete renin which secretes angiotensin and it increases drinking

Question 27

Aldestrone

Answer 27

-retains salt water and constricts blood-vessesl.

Question 28

Vasopressin

Answer 28

-reduces the amount of fluid going to the bladded.