Bio I - 8 Flashcards
Where does the cell extract energy from?
Sugars and other fuels
What do cells use energy for?
To perform work
Some organisms even convert energy to light, as in bioluminescence. 
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the totality of an organisms chemical reactions
What is a metabolic pathway?
A metabolic pathway begins with the specific molecule and ends with a product. Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. 
How do catabolic pathways release energy?
By breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds
What is an example of a pathway of catabolism?
Cellular respiration
What is an anabolic pathway?
Anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones. 
What is an example of amabolism?
The synthesis of proteins from amino acids
What is bio energetics?
It is the study of how energy flows through living organisms. 
What is energy?
Energy is the capacity to cause change.
What is kinetic energy?
It is energy associated with motion
What is heat/thermal energy?
It is kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules
What is potential energy?
It is energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure.
What is chemical energy?
It is potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction. 
True or false: energy can be converted from one form to another
True
What is thermodynamics?
Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations
True or false: In an open system such as that approximated by liquid in a thermos, is unable to exchange energy or matter with it surroundings 
False
(An isolated system)
What happens in an open system? What is an example of an open system?
Energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings. 
Organisms
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The energy of the universe is constant. Energy can be transferred and transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed. 
What is the first law of thermodynamics also called?
The principle of conservation of energy
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy/disorder of the universe. 
True or false: living cells unavoidably convert organized forms of energy to heat
True
What is spontaneous processes?
Spontaneous processes occur without energy input they can happen quickly or slowly
What happens when a process occurs without energy input?
It must increase the entropy of the universe