Bio I - 7 Flashcards
 When a cell signals to another cell or receives a signal from the environment- what are the signals most often?
Chemicals
Why is communication important for the microorganism?
It provides insight into how cells send, receive and respond to signals.
What are the two meeting types of yeast?
A and alpha
What is another name for yeast?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
How do cells of different mating types locate each other?
Via secreted factor specific to each type
What do signal transduction pathways contribute to cell signaling?
They convert signals received at a cell surface into cellular responses
True or false: the molecular details of a signal transduction in yeast and mammals are strikingly similar. 
True
What happens when there is a concentration of signaling molecules?
It allows bacteria to sense local population density
in a process called Quorum sensing
How do cells in a multicellular organism communicate?
Via signaling molecules
What happens in local signaling?
Animal cells may communicate by direct contact
What are cell junctions in what type of cells have them?
Animal and plant cells have cell junctions.
Cell junctions directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. 
What is cell junctions allow for?
Signaling substances in the cytosol can pass freely between adjacent cells
In other cases, animal cells communicate using secreted messenger molecules that travel only __________
Short distances
 What are one class of local regulators and animals?
Local regulators
What do growth factors do?
They stimulate nearby target cells to grow and divide
Local regulators in short distances is a type of local signaling in animals called _________. 
Paracrine signaling
What is synaptic signaling?
Synaptic signaling occurs in the animal nervous system when a neurotransmitter is released in response to an electric signal. 
Is local signaling in plants understood?
It is not well understood beyond communication between plasmodesmonta
What is used for long distance signaling and plants and animals?
Hormones
What is hormonal signaling called in animals? 
Endocrine signaling
What is endocrine/hormonal signaling?
It is when specialized cells release hormones, which travel to target cells and via the circulatory system.
When does a cell respond to a signal?
If it has the receptor that is specific to that signal
Who discovered how the hormone Epinephrine acts on cells?
Earl w. Sutherland
What are the three stages of cell signaling?
Reception
transduction
response