Bio I -10 Flashcards
What is photosynthesis?
It is the process of capturing light energy and converting it to chemical energy
What organelle completes photosynthesis?
The chloroplast
What are the four modes of nutrition?
Autotrophs
heterotrophs
Phototrophs
chemotrophs
What are autotrophs?
They are cell feeders that obtain their carbon source from carbon dioxide or related compounds
What are heterotrophs?
They require at least one organic nutrient such as glucose to make other organic compounds. Their carbon source is other organic compounds.
What are Phototroph’s?
They obtain energy from the sun
What are chemo troph?
They obtain energy from chemicals
What type of mode of nutrition do plants have?
Photo autotroph’s
True or false all green parts of a plant have chloroplasts
True
True or false the major source of photosynthesis is the stem
False
How many chloroplast per piece of leaf are there?
Approximately 1/2 million chloroplast per piece of leaf with a top surface of 1 mm²
Where are the chloroplast found?
They are found, mainly in the mesophyll cells, which is the interior of the leafs tissue.
How does carbon dioxide enter and oxygen exit from a leaf?
Through the stomata
How do the leafs receive water?
Water is absorbed by the roots, and delivered via the veins to the leaves. leaves also use the veins to deliver sugar to the roots and other non-photosynthetic parts of the plant
How many chloroplast does a mesophyll cell approximately have?
30 to 40 chloroplasts
What is the general structure of a chloroplast?
It has two membranes, and the inner membrane is filled with a fluid, called the stroma. Within the stroma, there’s a third membrane system made up of sacs called thylakoids inside the thylakoid is the thylakoid space. Thylakoids can be stacked and columns, called grana.
What are what is a stack of thylakoids called?
Granum
Where does the green pigment chlorophyll reside?
In the thylakoid membrane
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 +6 H2O + light energy —> C6H 12O6+6O2
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
Light reactions and Calvin cycle
In simple words, describe what a light reaction is
When the solar energy is converted to chemical energy
In simple words, describe of the Calvin cycle is
When chemical energy is used to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar
What is the first thing that happens in a light reaction?
Water is split, which provides a source of electrons and hydrogen ions and gives off oxygen as a by product
What happens when chlorophyll absorbs light?
It drives a transfer of the electrons in hydrogen ions from water to an electron acceptor called NADP + where it is then reduced to NADPH.
How does light reactions generate ATP?
From ADP through chemosmosis
What is light?
It is a form of electromagnetic energy or electromagnetic radiation
How does electromagnetic energy travel?
In waves
What is the distance between a wave called?
Wavelength
What is the range of a wave length?
From less than a nano meter (gamma rays) to more than a kilometer (radio waves)
Which wave lengths are considered visible light?
350 nm - 750 nm
What is the entire range of radiation called?
The electromagnetic spectrum
The shorter the wavelength The ____ the energy
Higher
What happens when light meets matter?
It can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed.
What are substances that absorb visible light?
Pigments
What happens once a wavelength is absorbed?
It disappears
What is the color that we see?
The color that’s most reflected, or transmitted by the pigment
What color will a pigment appear if it absorbs all wavelengths?
Black
What does chlorophyll absorb? And therefore what do we see when we look at a leaf?
Violet, blue, and red light while transmitting and reflects greenlight.
Green
_______ pigments absorb light of ________ wavelengths
Different
What is a spectrophotometer?
It measures the ability of a pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light
What is absorption spectrum?
It is a graph plotting a pigments light absorption versus a wavelength
What are one type of caretenoids?
Hydrocarbons that are various shades of yellow and orange
What are caretenoids?
They are one type of accessory pigment
What do keratin Noyd’s absorb?
Violet and blue green light.
What is a photosystem?
It is a reaction center complex surrounded by several light harvesting complexes
What are reaction center complexes?
They are proteins, holding a pair of chlorophyll, a molecules and a primary electron acceptor.
Each light harvesting complex have pigment molecules, which can be:
Chlorophyll a chlorophyll b or keratin Noyd’s bound to proteins
What happens when a pigment molecule absorbs a photon?
The energy is transferred from pigment to pigment within the light harvesting complex until it is ultimately past the chlorophyll a pair in the reaction center complex.
What is the primary electron acceptor?
It is a molecule capable of excepting electrons and being reduced
What are the two types of photosystems that thylakoids have?
Photosystem one and photosystem two.
Which photo system functions first in light reactions one or two?
Two
What is the reaction center chlorophyll a at photosystem two known as and why?
P680
Because it best absorbs light at wave length of 680 NM
What is the reaction center chlorophyll a at photosystem one known as and why
P700
Because it best absorbs light at wave length 700 NM
How does light dry the synthesis of ATP and NADPH? And how does this happen? And what is this whole process called?
By energizing the two photo systems.
We need a flow of electrons through the photo systems in the thylakoids.
Linear electron flow
