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Bio I - 1 > Bio I -10 > Flashcards

Bio I -10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

It is the process of capturing light energy and converting it to chemical energy

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2
Q

What organelle completes photosynthesis?

A

The chloroplast

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3
Q

What are the four modes of nutrition?

A

Autotrophs
heterotrophs
Phototrophs
chemotrophs

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4
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

They are cell feeders that obtain their carbon source from carbon dioxide or related compounds

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5
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

They require at least one organic nutrient such as glucose to make other organic compounds. Their carbon source is other organic compounds.

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6
Q

What are Phototroph’s?

A

They obtain energy from the sun

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7
Q

What are chemo troph?

A

They obtain energy from chemicals

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8
Q

What type of mode of nutrition do plants have?

A

Photo autotroph’s

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9
Q

True or false all green parts of a plant have chloroplasts

A

True

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10
Q

True or false the major source of photosynthesis is the stem

A

False

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11
Q

How many chloroplast per piece of leaf are there?

A

Approximately 1/2 million chloroplast per piece of leaf with a top surface of 1 mm²

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12
Q

Where are the chloroplast found?

A

They are found, mainly in the mesophyll cells, which is the interior of the leafs tissue.

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13
Q

How does carbon dioxide enter and oxygen exit from a leaf?

A

Through the stomata

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14
Q

How do the leafs receive water?

A

Water is absorbed by the roots, and delivered via the veins to the leaves. leaves also use the veins to deliver sugar to the roots and other non-photosynthetic parts of the plant

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15
Q

How many chloroplast does a mesophyll cell approximately have?

A

30 to 40 chloroplasts

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16
Q

What is the general structure of a chloroplast?

A

It has two membranes, and the inner membrane is filled with a fluid, called the stroma. Within the stroma, there’s a third membrane system made up of sacs called thylakoids inside the thylakoid is the thylakoid space. Thylakoids can be stacked and columns, called grana.

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17
Q

What are what is a stack of thylakoids called?

A

Granum

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18
Q

Where does the green pigment chlorophyll reside?

A

In the thylakoid membrane

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19
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 +6 H2O + light energy —> C6H 12O6+6O2

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20
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

A

Light reactions and Calvin cycle

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21
Q

In simple words, describe what a light reaction is

A

When the solar energy is converted to chemical energy

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22
Q

In simple words, describe of the Calvin cycle is

A

When chemical energy is used to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar

23
Q

What is the first thing that happens in a light reaction?

A

Water is split, which provides a source of electrons and hydrogen ions and gives off oxygen as a by product

24
Q

What happens when chlorophyll absorbs light?

A

It drives a transfer of the electrons in hydrogen ions from water to an electron acceptor called NADP + where it is then reduced to NADPH.

25
Q

How does light reactions generate ATP?

A

From ADP through chemosmosis

26
Q

What is light?

A

It is a form of electromagnetic energy or electromagnetic radiation

27
Q

How does electromagnetic energy travel?

A

In waves

28
Q

What is the distance between a wave called?

A

Wavelength

29
Q

What is the range of a wave length?

A

From less than a nano meter (gamma rays) to more than a kilometer (radio waves)

30
Q

Which wave lengths are considered visible light?

A

350 nm - 750 nm

31
Q

What is the entire range of radiation called?

A

The electromagnetic spectrum

32
Q

The shorter the wavelength The ____ the energy

A

Higher

33
Q

What happens when light meets matter?

A

It can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed.

34
Q

What are substances that absorb visible light?

A

Pigments

35
Q

What happens once a wavelength is absorbed?

A

It disappears

36
Q

What is the color that we see?

A

The color that’s most reflected, or transmitted by the pigment

37
Q

What color will a pigment appear if it absorbs all wavelengths?

A

Black

38
Q

What does chlorophyll absorb? And therefore what do we see when we look at a leaf?

A

Violet, blue, and red light while transmitting and reflects greenlight.
Green

39
Q

_______ pigments absorb light of ________ wavelengths

A

Different

40
Q

What is a spectrophotometer?

A

It measures the ability of a pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light

41
Q

What is absorption spectrum?

A

It is a graph plotting a pigments light absorption versus a wavelength

42
Q

What are one type of caretenoids?

A

Hydrocarbons that are various shades of yellow and orange

43
Q

What are caretenoids?

A

They are one type of accessory pigment

44
Q

What do keratin Noyd’s absorb?

A

Violet and blue green light.

45
Q

What is a photosystem?

A

It is a reaction center complex surrounded by several light harvesting complexes

46
Q

What are reaction center complexes?

A

They are proteins, holding a pair of chlorophyll, a molecules and a primary electron acceptor.

47
Q

Each light harvesting complex have pigment molecules, which can be:

A

Chlorophyll a chlorophyll b or keratin Noyd’s bound to proteins

48
Q

What happens when a pigment molecule absorbs a photon?

A

The energy is transferred from pigment to pigment within the light harvesting complex until it is ultimately past the chlorophyll a pair in the reaction center complex.

49
Q

What is the primary electron acceptor?

A

It is a molecule capable of excepting electrons and being reduced

50
Q

What are the two types of photosystems that thylakoids have?

A

Photosystem one and photosystem two.

51
Q

Which photo system functions first in light reactions one or two?

A

Two

52
Q

What is the reaction center chlorophyll a at photosystem two known as and why?

A

P680
Because it best absorbs light at wave length of 680 NM

53
Q

What is the reaction center chlorophyll a at photosystem one known as and why

A

P700
Because it best absorbs light at wave length 700 NM

54
Q

How does light dry the synthesis of ATP and NADPH? And how does this happen? And what is this whole process called?

A

By energizing the two photo systems.
We need a flow of electrons through the photo systems in the thylakoids.
Linear electron flow

Bio I - 1 (10 decks)

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