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Bio I - 1 > Bio I - 1 > Flashcards

Bio I - 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is biology?

A

Biology is the study of living organisms and their environments. 

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of all living organisms?

A
  1. Organization
  2. Acquire materials and energy
  3. Homeostasis
  4. Respond to stimuli
  5. Reproduce and grow
  6. Have an evolutionarily history
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3
Q

What are the different levels of Organization starting from small to big:

A

Atom molecule cell tissue organ organ system organism species population community ecosystem biosphere

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4
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is the smallest unit of an element

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5
Q

What is a molecule?

A

It is the joining together of two or more atoms of the same or different element

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6
Q

What are organelles and what are they made of?

A

Organelles are parts of the cell and they are made of molecules

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7
Q

What is the cell?

A

The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms

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8
Q

What is tissue and what are the four types of tissues in the human body?

A

Tissues are a group of cells with like structure and function.
-Epithelial tissue
-Connective tissue
-Muscle tissue
-Nervous tissue

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9
Q

What is an organ?

A

When tissues combine together and function to form a specific task this forms an organ 

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10
Q

What is an organ system?

A

An organ system is when several different organs work together. 

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11
Q

What is an organism?

A

An individual composed of several organ systems

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12
Q

What is a species?

A

A species is a group of similar organisms. A group of interbreeding organisms.

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13
Q

What is a population?

A

All of the members of one species belong in a population

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14
Q

What is a community?

A

This includes multiple populations interacting in one particular area. 

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15
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

The ecosystem includes a community plus the physical environment. The living plus the nonliving.

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16
Q

What is a biosphere?

A

All of the earths ecosystem inhabit the biosphere

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17
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is the capacity to do work.

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18
Q

How do organisms acquire materials and energy?

A

All organisms require some form of nutrition. Plants use photosynthesis and animals use food sources. 

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19
Q

What does homeostasis mean?

A

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the presence of a constantly changing external environment. 

20
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Negative feedback is turning a reaction in the opposite direction. (turning off decreasing)

21
Q

What does positive feedback mean?

A

It means turning on increased strengthening

22
Q

What is A stimulus?

A

A stimulus is a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue

23
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

The ability of an organism or organ to respond to an external stimuli

24
Q

What is growth?

A

Growth is an increase in size or number

25
Q

What does development mean?

A

Development is changes in ages and stages

26
Q

What is reproduction?

A

Passing on the DNA

27
Q

What is genome?

A

Genome is all the genetic information that is inherited

28
Q

What is DNA?

A

The genetic information is in the form of DNA

29
Q

What are genes?

A

Traits that are inherited are in units called genes

30
Q

Where is the DNA located in the cell?

A

In the nucleus (With a small amount of DNA in the mitochondria and chloroplasts as well)

31
Q

More specifically where is DNA located?

A

DNA is placed into chromosomes

32
Q

What is binomial nomenclature and who instituted it?

A

In the 18 century Carolus Linneus instituted binomial nomenclature which means a to name classification. 

33
Q

List the proper Linnaean classification from species to domain: 

A

Species
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain


34
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya 

35
Q

Of the three domains which domains are prokaryotic and which domains are eukaryotic?

A

Bacteria and Archae are prokaryotic and eukarya is eukaryotic. 

36
Q

What are the four kingdoms of eukaryotes?

A

Animals plants fungus protists 

37
Q

List the characteristics of a eukarya 

A
  • eukaryotic
  • Has nucleus
  • Has membrane enclosed organelles
  • Is in multiple environments
    -Has four kingdoms: Animals plants fungi and protists
38
Q

The the different properties of an Archaea:

A

-prokaryotic
- Does not have a nucleus
- Does not have membrane enclosed organelles
-Can adapt to extreme environments

39
Q

List the properties of bacteria:

A

-prokaryotic
-Does not have a nucleus
-Does not have membrane enclosed organelles
-Adapts to all environments

40
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

The scientific method is the objective approach that scientists follow

41
Q

What is observation?

A

A formal way of watching the world and conducted through the use of five senses - Seeing hearing touching smelling and tasting

42
Q

What is inductive reasoning?

A

It is when one moves from the specific information to the general

43
Q

What is deductive reasoning?

A

When one moves from the general to the specific. If the premise is true the conclusion is also true. 

44
Q

What is the Scientific method and how is it performed? 

A

The objective approach scientists follow is a process called the scientific method.
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Collecting data
Conclusion

It consists of observation which leads to developing a hypothesis. To test the hypothesis an experiment is performed. The results yield data which is then analyzed by the scientist who then reaches a conclusion. 

45
Q

What is Linnaean taxonomy?

A

Classification of organisms

Bio I - 1 (10 decks)

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