Bio I - 1 Flashcards
What is biology?
Biology is the study of living organisms and their environments. 
What are the characteristics of all living organisms?
- Organization
- Acquire materials and energy
- Homeostasis
- Respond to stimuli
- Reproduce and grow
- Have an evolutionarily history
What are the different levels of Organization starting from small to big:
Atom molecule cell tissue organ organ system organism species population community ecosystem biosphere
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest unit of an element
What is a molecule?
It is the joining together of two or more atoms of the same or different element
What are organelles and what are they made of?
Organelles are parts of the cell and they are made of molecules
What is the cell?
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
What is tissue and what are the four types of tissues in the human body?
Tissues are a group of cells with like structure and function.
-Epithelial tissue
-Connective tissue
-Muscle tissue
-Nervous tissue
What is an organ?
When tissues combine together and function to form a specific task this forms an organ 
What is an organ system?
An organ system is when several different organs work together. 
What is an organism?
An individual composed of several organ systems
What is a species?
A species is a group of similar organisms. A group of interbreeding organisms.
What is a population?
All of the members of one species belong in a population
What is a community?
This includes multiple populations interacting in one particular area. 
What is an ecosystem?
The ecosystem includes a community plus the physical environment. The living plus the nonliving.
What is a biosphere?
All of the earths ecosystem inhabit the biosphere
What is energy?
Energy is the capacity to do work.
How do organisms acquire materials and energy?
All organisms require some form of nutrition. Plants use photosynthesis and animals use food sources. 
What does homeostasis mean?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the presence of a constantly changing external environment. 
What is negative feedback?
Negative feedback is turning a reaction in the opposite direction. (turning off decreasing)
What does positive feedback mean?
It means turning on increased strengthening
What is A stimulus?
A stimulus is a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue
What is sensitivity?
The ability of an organism or organ to respond to an external stimuli
What is growth?
Growth is an increase in size or number
What does development mean?
Development is changes in ages and stages
What is reproduction?
Passing on the DNA
What is genome?
Genome is all the genetic information that is inherited
What is DNA?
The genetic information is in the form of DNA
What are genes?
Traits that are inherited are in units called genes
Where is the DNA located in the cell?
In the nucleus (With a small amount of DNA in the mitochondria and chloroplasts as well)
More specifically where is DNA located?
DNA is placed into chromosomes
What is binomial nomenclature and who instituted it?
In the 18 century Carolus Linneus instituted binomial nomenclature which means a to name classification. 
List the proper Linnaean classification from species to domain: 
Species
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain

What are the three domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya 
Of the three domains which domains are prokaryotic and which domains are eukaryotic?
Bacteria and Archae are prokaryotic and eukarya is eukaryotic. 
What are the four kingdoms of eukaryotes?
Animals plants fungus protists 
List the characteristics of a eukarya 
- eukaryotic
- Has nucleus
- Has membrane enclosed organelles
- Is in multiple environments
-Has four kingdoms: Animals plants fungi and protists
The the different properties of an Archaea:
-prokaryotic
- Does not have a nucleus
- Does not have membrane enclosed organelles
-Can adapt to extreme environments
List the properties of bacteria:
-prokaryotic
-Does not have a nucleus
-Does not have membrane enclosed organelles
-Adapts to all environments
What is the scientific method?
The scientific method is the objective approach that scientists follow
What is observation?
A formal way of watching the world and conducted through the use of five senses - Seeing hearing touching smelling and tasting
What is inductive reasoning?
It is when one moves from the specific information to the general
What is deductive reasoning?
When one moves from the general to the specific. If the premise is true the conclusion is also true. 
What is the Scientific method and how is it performed? 
The objective approach scientists follow is a process called the scientific method.
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Collecting data
Conclusion
It consists of observation which leads to developing a hypothesis. To test the hypothesis an experiment is performed. The results yield data which is then analyzed by the scientist who then reaches a conclusion. 
What is Linnaean taxonomy?
Classification of organisms
