Bio I - 4 Flashcards
What are living organisms mostly consisting of?
Carbon based compounds
What ability makes carbon unparalleled…
It’s ability to form large complex and varied molecules
What is composed of carbon?
Proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, and other molecules
What is organic chemistry?
It is the study of compounds that contain carbon
How many valence electrons does carbon have? And how many covalent bonds can carbon therefore form?
4
4
What are functional groups?
They are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
What are some common functional groups that are most important in the chemistry of life?
Hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, sulfhydryl group, phosphate group
What is ATP?
An important organic phosphate is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What does ATP consist of?
Adenosine (an organic molecule) attached to a string of three phosphate groups
What does ATP store the potential to react with?
Water- this reaction releases energy to be used by the cell
How many classes of large biological molecules are all living things made of?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
What are macromolecules?
They are large molecules and are complex
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions
What is a dehydration reaction?
It occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule
What is hydrolysis?
When polymers are disassembled to monomers by hydrolysis which is a reaction that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction
What are carbohydrates?
They include sugars in the polymers of sugars
What are the simplest carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, or simple sugars
What are carbohydrate macromolecules?
Polysaccharides, polymers composed the many sugar building blocks
What is the typical molecular formula for monosaccharide?
Multiples of CH2O
What is the most common monosaccharide?
Glucose
How are monosaccharides classified?
The number of carbons in the carbon skeleton in the location of functional groups
What does monosaccharide serve as?
A major fuel for cells
And
Raw material for building molecules
What is a monosaccharide?
A single sugar
What is a disaccharide?
It is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides