Bio I - 5

Question 1

What is cell biology?

Answer 1

The study of cells and their structure, function, and behavior. This is also called cytology. 

Question 2

True or false: all living organisms are made of cells

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is a cell?

Answer 3

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms

Question 4

True or false: cells do not vary in size and proportion.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

How big is a bacterial cell?

Answer 5

A few micrometers in length.

Question 6

How big is a frog egg?

Answer 6

1 mm diameter

Question 7

True or false: not all cells are equal in their requirements.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Some cells are specialized for producing certain substances such as:

Answer 8

Hormones
Starch
Fat
Certain pigments

Question 9

When was the microscope invented and who invented it?

Answer 9

17th century.
Some say it was Hans Lippershay (also invented the telescope)
Others say it was Hans and Zacharias Janssen

Question 10

What is a Light Microscope?

Answer 10

Visible light passes through a specimen and then through glass lenses, which magnify the image.

Question 11

What does the quality of an image depend on?

Answer 11

Magnification - the ratio of an objects size to its real size.
Resolution - the measure of the clarity of the image, or the minimum distance if two distinguishable points.
Contrast - visible differences in parts of the sample.

Question 12

Who discovered the cell?

Answer 12

Robert Hooke

Question 13

Who discovered LIVING cells?

Answer 13

Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek (discovered Protozoa) later saw bacteria for the first time.

Question 14

Who discovered the cell nucleus?

Answer 14

Robert Brown.

Question 15

Who proposed the cell theory?

Answer 15

Schleiden and Schwann

Question 16

Who discovered the mitochondria?

Answer 16

Rudolf Albert von Kolliker

Question 17

Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 17

Camillo Golgi

Question 18

Who discovered the electron microscope and when?

Answer 18

Palade, Porter, and Sjostrand.
1952

Question 19

What is a fluorescence microscope?

Answer 19

Detects fluorescent dyes used for staining cells. Dyed objects show up in color on a dark background.

Question 20

What is a scanning electron microscope?

Answer 20

Specimen coated with thin layer of metal. Scanned by beam of electrons. Magnetic coils act as lenses. Creating 3D images.

Question 21

What is transmission electron microscope?

Answer 21

Uses beam of electrons with a short wavelength. Used to visualize inside of cell such as organelles.

Question 22

What is cell fractionation?

Answer 22

It’s a process that takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another.

Question 23

What is ultracentrifuges?

Answer 23

They fractionate cells into their component parts.

Question 24

What do prokaryotic cells consist of?

Answer 24

Bacteria and archaea.

Question 25

What are different types of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 25

Protists, fungi, animals, and plants.

Question 26

What are the two domains of prokaryotes?

Answer 26

Bacteria and archaea

Question 27

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

Answer 27

Binary fission

Question 28

How much time at least does a prokaryotic cell divide in?

Answer 28

20 minutes

Question 29

What do prokaryotes have that help them adapt to their environment?

Answer 29

They have flagella which help them move and they have a capsule to help them adhere.

Question 30

What types of bacteria are there?

Answer 30

Cocci - spherical Bacilli - rods Spirilla - spirals

Question 31

Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

Answer 31

No They have a nucleoid which contains circular chromosome

Question 32

True or false: Prokaryotes have membrane enclosed organelles.

Answer 32

False They do not

Question 33

How are prokaryotic cells classified?

Answer 33

- no nucleus - no membrane enclosed organelles - DNA is in an inbound region called the nucleoid - cytoplasm is bound by the plasma membrane

Question 34

What are eukaryotic cells characterized as?

Answer 34

- DNA is in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope - membrane-bound organelles - cytoplasm is the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus

Question 35

True or false: eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

How to eukaryotic cells reproduce?

Answer 36

Through mitosis and can involve meiosis

Question 37

What are the 3 main parts of the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 37

Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus

Question 38

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 38

Separating the cells internal environment from the cells external environment. It is a semipermeable membrane.

Question 39

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 39

Cyt = cell Plasm = molded All of the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. There are two compartments- cytosol and organelles

Question 40

What is the nucleus?

Answer 40

It is the organelle which houses most of the cells DNA

Question 41

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 41

It is a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell.

Question 42

What is the general form of a plasma membrane?

Answer 42

A double layer of phospholipids

Question 43

What happens when the surface area of a cell increases by a factor of n^2?

Answer 43

The volume increases by a volume of n^3

Question 44

True or false: small cells have a greater surface area relative to volume

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 45

A network of fibers extending through the cytoplasm

Question 46

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 46

It organizes the cells structures and activities, anchoring many organelles.

Question 47

What is the cytoskeleton composed of?

Answer 47

Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate filaments

Question 48

List the 3 diff types of cytoskeleton in order from thickest to thinnest.

Answer 48

Microtubules - thickest Intermediate filaments - middle Microfilaments - thinnest

Question 49

What are the diff types of intercellular junctions?

Answer 49

Plasmodesmata (plant) Tight junctions Desmosomes Gap junctions

Question 50

What is a tight junction?

Answer 50

Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extra cellular fluid

Question 51

What are desmosomes?

Answer 51

They fasten cells together into strong sheets

Question 52

What are gap junctions?

Answer 52

They provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells