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Bio I - 1 > Bio I - 3 > Flashcards

Bio I - 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

 What is the biological medium on earth?

A

Water

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2
Q

What does the structure of the water molecule allow?

A

It allows water molecule to interact with other molecules

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3
Q

What are the three phases of matter and list their properties:

A

Solid - hold shapes and fixed volume
Liquid - shape of container, free surface, and fixed volume
Gas - shape of container and volume of the container

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4
Q

In the water molecule where do the electrons of the polar covalent bonds tend to be?

A

By the oxygen

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5
Q

What is a polar molecule and what is an example of a polar molecule?

A

The overall charge is unevenly distributed
Water 

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6
Q

 What are the four properties of water?

A
  1. Cohesive behavior
  2. Ability to moderate temperature
  3. Expansion upon freezing
  4. Versatility as a solvent
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7
Q

What is cohesion?

A

When hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together

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8
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Adhesion is an attraction between different substances

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9
Q

What is surface tension?

A

It is a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid

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10
Q

Does water have a high or low surface tension and why?

A

Water has a high surface tension due to hydrogen bonding between the molecules at the air water interface and to the water below

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11
Q

What does water do with the heat that it absorbs from warmer air?

A

It releases the stored heat to cooler air

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12
Q

When water absorbs or releases a large amount of heat, does it change in its own temperature? 

A

Slightly

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13
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

the energy of motion

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14
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

It is the kinetic energy associated with random motion of atoms or molecules

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15
Q

What is temperature?

A

It is a measure of energy that represents the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a body of matter

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16
Q

What is heat?

A

Thermal energy and transfer from one body of matter to another is defined as heat

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17
Q

What is a calorie

A

It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C

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18
Q

What are kilo calories?

A

The calories on food packages where 1 kg calorie equals 1000 calories 

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19
Q

What is a joule?

A

It is another unit of energy where one joule equals 0.239 cal or 1 cal equals 4.184 joule

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20
Q

What is the definition of temperature?

A

The average kinetic energy of the structural elements of a system

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21
Q

What are the values of temperature?

A

Positive and negative

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22
Q

What are the units of measurement for temperature?

A

Celsius, kelvin, and Fahrenheit

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23
Q

Does the temperature depends on the quantity of the substance?

A

No it is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles

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24
Q

What is the definition of thermal energy?

A

The total kinetic energy of the structural elements of a system

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25
Q

What are the values of thermal energy?

A

Always positive

26
Q

What are the units of measurement for thermal energy?

A

Joule and calorie 

27
Q

Does thermal energy depend on the quantity of the substance?

A

Yes it is related to the total kinetic energy of the particles

28
Q

What is specific heat?

A

It is the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1°C

29
Q

What is the specific heat of water?

A

1 cal/g/Celsius

30
Q

Why does water resist changing its temperature?

A

Because of its high specific heat

31
Q

What is evaporation?

A

It is the transformation of a substance from liquid to gas

32
Q

What is heat of vaporization?

A

It is the heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g to be converted to gas

33
Q

What is evaporative cooling?

A

It is when a liquid evaporates and its remaining surface cools

34
Q

Why does ice float in liquid water?

A

Because hydrogen bonds in ice are more ordered making ice less dense than water

35
Q

What does water reach its greatest density at?

A

4°C

36
Q

What would happen if ice sank?

A

All bodies of water would eventually freeze solid making life impossible on earth

37
Q

What causes global warming?

A

Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases

38
Q

What is a solution?

A

It is a liquid that is completely homogeneous mixture of substances

39
Q

What is a solvent?

A

It is a dissolving agent of a solution

40
Q

What is a solute?

A

It is a substance that is dissolved

41
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

It is one in which water is a solvent

42
Q

What kind of molecules can water dissolve?

A

Nine ionic polar molecules and polar molecules

43
Q

What do most chemical reactions involve?

A

Solutes dissolved in water

44
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

It is one that has an affinity for water

45
Q

What does a hydrophobic substance mean?

A

It is one that does not have an infinity for water

46
Q

Are oil molecules hydrophobic or hydrophilic and why?

A

Hydrophobic because they have relatively nonpolar bonds

47
Q

What are hydrophobic molecules related to oils major ingredients for?

A

Cell membranes

48
Q

What happens when a hydrogen atom leaves its electron behind?

A

Is transferred as a proton or hydrogen ion H+

49
Q

What is the molecule called that lost the proton given to the hydrogen ion?

A

Hydroxide ion OH-

50
Q

What is a state of dynamic equilibrium?

A

When water molecules dissociate at the same rate at which they are being reformed

51
Q

True or false concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are equal and pure water

A

True

52
Q

What modifies the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions?

A

Adding solutes called acid and bases

53
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

It is used to describe whether a solution is acidic or basic

54
Q

What is an acid?

A

Any substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

55
Q

What is a base?

A

Any substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

56
Q

What do weak acids and bases do?

A

They reversibly release and accept back hydrogen ions but can still shift the balance of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions away from neutrality

57
Q

Do acidic solutions have pH values lesson seven?

A

Yes

58
Q

True or false basic solutions have a pH values greater than seven

A

True

59
Q

What do most biological fluids have for their pH value?

A

Between 6 to 8

60
Q

What must the internal pH of most living cells remain at or close to?

A

7

61
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A buffer is a substance that minimizes changes in concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a solution

62
Q

What do most buffer solutions contain?

A

A weak acid and it’s corresponding face which combined reversably with hydrogen ions

Bio I - 1 (10 decks)

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