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BIO CHEM 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is not one of the states of lipids?

Para crystalline state
Liquid ordered state
Liquid disordered state
Crystalline state

A

Crystalline state

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2
Q

Which of the following arrangement based on the increasing order of motion is correct?

Uncatalysed transverse motion, transverse diffusion catalyzed by flippase, uncatalysed lateral diffusion

Uncatalysed lateral diffusion, uncatalysed transverse motion, transverse diffusion catalyzed by flippase,

Uncatalysed transverse motion, uncatalysed lateral diffusion, transverse diffusion catalyzed by flippase

Transverse diffusion catalyzed by flippase, uncatalysed lateral diffusion, uncatalysed transverse motion,

A

Uncatalysed transverse motion, transverse diffusion catalyzed by flippase, uncatalysed lateral diffusion

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3
Q

Movement of phospholipids from side to side is called

Facilitated diffusion
Lateral diffusion
Transverse diffusion
Simple diffusion

A

Lateral diffusion

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4
Q

Movement of phospholipids to opposite sides is called

Facilitated diffusion
Lateral diffusion
Transverse diffusion
Simple diffusion

A

Transverse diffusion

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5
Q

Trans bilayer diffusion is also called

Facilitated diffusion
Lateral diffusion
Flip flop
Simple diffusion

A

Flip flop

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6
Q

Which of the following is an example of heterodimeric protein?

Integrin
Antibodies
Receptor tyrosine kinase
G-protein coupled receptor

A

Integrin

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7
Q

Which of the following is an example of peripheral membrane protein?

Insulin receptor
Glycophorin
Integrin
Glycolipid transfer proteins

A

Glycolipid transfer proteins

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8
Q

Which of the following proteins does not function in cell- cell interaction?

Integrin
Cadherin
N-CAM
Cytochrome c

A

Cytochrome c

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9
Q

Which of the following integral membrane protein is a special class of membrane rafts?

Caveolin
Integrin
Cadherin
Selectin

A

Caveolin

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10
Q

Which of the following is one of the family of immunoglobin like proteins that mediate Ca2+?

N-CAM
Integrin
Cadherin
Selectin

A

N-CAM

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11
Q

Erythrocyte glucose transporter is an example of

Ion driven active transport
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Simple diffusion

A

Facilitated diffusion

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12
Q

Which out of the following is not a mediated transport?

Facilitated diffusion
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Simple diffusion

A

Simple diffusion

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13
Q

Na+ glucose transporter is an example of

Symport
Antiport
Facilitated diffusion
ATP driven active transport

A

Symport

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14
Q

Which of the following is energy independent?

Active transport
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Passive transport

A

Passive transport

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15
Q

Semipermeable membrane allows

Solute to pass
Solution to pass
Solvent to pass
Proteins to pass

A

Solvent to pass

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16
Q

When does saturation occur?
`
When molecules are moved by the use of vesicles

When the energy from a high-energy bond is required to move molecules

When a group of carrier proteins is operating at its maximum rate

When a carrier molecule has the ability to transport only one molecule or a group of closely related molecules

A

When a group of carrier proteins is operating at its maximum rate

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17
Q

In which of the following means of transport a cell expels large molecules out of it?

Phagocytosis
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Diffusion

A

Exocytosis

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18
Q

HCO3– – Cl– transporter is an example of

a. Uniport
b. Antiport
c. Symport
d. Facilitated diffusion

A

Antiport

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19
Q

Which of the following transports only one kind of substrate?

Uniport carriers
Symport carriers
Antiport carriers
Membrane proteins

A

Uniport carriers

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20
Q

Which of the following induces conformational change in protein?

Uniport
Symport
Antiport
Facilitated diffusion

A

Antiport

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21
Q

The information which is represented by a signal is detected by specific receptors and converted to a cellular response; this conversion is called

Signal amplification
Signal transversion
Signal transduction
Signal integration

A

Signal integration

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22
Q

Signal molecule fits the binding site on its complementary receptor called as

Specificity
Amplification
Integration
Cooperativity

A

Specificity

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23
Q

Number of affected molecules increases geometrically in an enzyme cascade in

Specificity
Amplification
Adaptation
Integration

A

Amplification

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24
Q

Receptor is removed from cell surface in

Specificity
Amplification
Adaptation
Integration

A

Adaptation

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25
Q

Regulatory outcome results from integrated input from both receptors is in

Specificity
Amplification
Adaptation
Integration

A

Integration

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26
Q

Acetylcholine receptor ion channel is an example of

Gated ion channel
Receptor enzymes
Membrane protein
Nuclear protein

A

Gated ion channel

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27
Q

How many types of signal transducers are there?

3
4
5
6

A

6

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28
Q

Which of the following is a nuclear receptor protein?

Steroid receptor
Adhesion receptor
Serpentine receptor
Receptor with no intrinsic enzyme activity

A

Steroid receptor

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29
Q

Receptor proteins that indirectly activate enzymes that generate intracellular second messengers are

Steroid receptors
Serpentine receptors
Adhesion receptors
Receptor enzymes

A

Serpentine receptors

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30
Q

Insulin receptor is an example of

Steroid receptors
Serpentine receptors
Adhesion receptors
Receptor enzymes

A

Receptor enzymes

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31
Q

Which of the following statements is true about transmembrane electrical potential?

The chemical gradient drives Cl– and K+ inwards

The electrical gradient drives Na+ and Ca2+ inwards

The chemical gradient drives Na+ and Ca2+ inwards

The chemical gradient drives Cl– and K+ outwards

A

The chemical gradient drives Na+ and Ca2+ inwards and K+ outward

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32
Q

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is an example of

Ligated gated receptor channel
Serpentine receptors
Adhesion receptors
Receptor enzymes

A

Ligated gated receptor channel

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33
Q

Which of the following are intracellular second messengers?

Acetylcholine
Glycine
IP3
Glutamate

A

IP3

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34
Q

The receptor channels for which of the following are gated by extracellular ligands?

Glycine
IP3
cAMP
cGMP

A

Glycine

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35
Q

Which of the following statements is false about a ligand-gated ion channel receptor?

They are present in the cell membrane

They consist of five glycoproteins

Differences in membrane potential affect whether the channel receptors are open or close

Neurotransmitters can act as the chemical messengers for these channels

A

Differences in membrane potential affect whether the channel receptors are open or close

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36
Q

Voltage regulation means

Na+/K+ pumps controls potential

Unless the voltage is regular gates will not respond

Oscilloscope only can control potential

With changes in the membrane potential voltage gated ion channels open and close

A

With changes in the membrane potential voltage gated ion channels open and close

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37
Q

Depolarization and repolarization changes that occur during the action potential are produced by

Negative feedback loops

Carrier mediated transport

Simple diffusion of ions down their concentration gradient

Active transport pumps along the neuron membrane

A

Active transport pumps along the neuron membrane

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38
Q

Diffusion of K+ out of the cell makes the inside of it less positive, or more negative and acts to restore the original resting membrane potential. This process is called

Repolarization
Depolarization
Hyperpolarization
Overshoot

A

Repolarization

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39
Q

Which of the following statements about action potential is false?

Na+/K+ pumps are directly involved in creating the action potential

Na+ and K+ concentrations are not significantly changed during an action potential

This includes both positive and negative feedback loops

Only a relatively small number of Na+ and K+ actually diffuse across the membrane

A

Na+ and K+ concentrations are not significantly changed during an action potential

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40
Q

Which out of the following is not a neurotransmitter?

Noadrenaline
Cyclic AMP
Dopamine
Acetyl choline

A

Cyclic AMP

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41
Q

SH2 domain specifically binds to

GDP
Ca2+
Phosphorylated tyrosine residues
Phosphorylated serine residues

A

Phosphorylated tyrosine residues

42
Q

cAMP and cGMP are derived from

ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively

ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and gualnlate cyclase respectively

GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

None

A

ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and gualnlate cyclase respectively

43
Q

Which of the following is false about phosphorylation by IRS on serine residue?

It is an inhibitory phosphorylation
It is molecular mechanism for insulin resistance
It increases insulin levels
Target tissues fail to respond to circulating insulin

A

It increases insulin levels

44
Q

The enzyme activated by cyclic AMP, passing on the hormonal signal is

Protein kinase B
Protein kinase A
Protein kinase C
G protein receptor kinase

A

Protein kinase A

45
Q

Protein kinase ERK is activated by phosphorylation of

Only Thr
Only Tyr
Both Thr and Tyr
Only Ser

A

Both Thr and Tyr

46
Q

Activation of guanylyl cyclase produces

Guanosine 3’, 5’-cyclic monophosphate
Guanosine 2’, 5’-cyclic monophosphate
Guanosine 4’, 5’-cyclic monophosphate
Guanosine 1’, 5’-cyclic monophosphate

A

Guanosine 3’, 5’-cyclic monophosphate

47
Q

cGMP-dependent protein kinase is also called

Protein kinase B
Protein kinase A
Protein kinase G
Protein kinase C

A

Protein kinase G

48
Q

Which of the following is not responsible of producing diarrhea?

Elevation in [cGMP]
Increase in Cl– secretion
Decrease in reabsorption of water by the intestinal epithelium
Decrease in Cl– secretion

A

Decrease in Cl– secretion

49
Q

Which of the following is a short-lived messenger that acts by stimulating a soluble guanylyl cyclase, raising [cGMP] and stimulating PKG?

NO
NO2
NO3–
N2O

A

NO

50
Q
  1. Ras protein is a

G-protein switch
Small monomeric GTPase switch protein
Serine-threonine kinase
Tyrosine kinase

A

Small monomeric GTPase switch protein

51
Q

Which out of the following statements is true about G-protein couple receptors?

The N-terminal chain is extracellular and C-terminal chain is intracellular

It contains 5 trans-membrane hydrophobic sections

There are more extracellular loops than intracellular loops

The binding region for G-protein involves 2 extracellular loops

A

The N-terminal chain is extracellular and C-terminal chain is intracellular

52
Q

Which of the following is not a G-protein coupled receptor?

Glycine receptor
Adrenergic receptor
Glutamate receptor
Muscarinic receptor

A

Glycine receptor

53
Q

Protein kinase A is

Completely inhibited by cyclic AMP

Allosterically activated by cyclic AMP

Affected by cyclic AMP only under unusual circumstances

Activated by covalent binding of cyclic AMP

A

Allosterically activated by cyclic AMP

54
Q

Which out of the following is not involved in signal transduction by β-adrenergic receptor pathway?

GTP
ATP
cAMP
cGMP

A

cAMP

55
Q

Which of the following catalyzes the cutting of PIP2 into 2 moles of IP3 and diacylglycerol in cell signaling?

Phosphokinase C
Phospholipase C
Lipokinase
Phosphodiesterase C

A

Phospholipase C

56
Q

The binding of ligands to many GPCRs leads to

Decrease in concentration of certain intracellular signal molecules called second messengers

Increase in concentration of certain intracellular signal molecules called second messengers

Decrease in concentration of certain extracellular signal molecules called first messengers

Increase in concentration of certain extracellular signal molecules called first messengers

A

Decrease in concentration of certain intracellular signal molecules called second messengers

57
Q

A hormone or ligand can be considered as

First messenger
Second messenger
Third messenger
Fourth messenger

A

First messenger

58
Q

Which of the following serves as a neurotransmitter in adrenergic neurons?

Serotonin
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Histamine

A

Epinephrine

59
Q

Which second messenger signals the release of Ca+2 from endoplasmic reticulum?

IP3
1,2 diacyl glycerol
cAMP
cGMP

A

IP3

60
Q

GPCR is comprised of

7 transmembrane helices
8 transmembrane helices
9 transmembrane helices
10 transmembrane helices

A

7 transmembrane helices

61
Q

The specificity of signaling pathways does not include

Migration of signal proteins into membrane rafts

Assembly of large multiprotein complexes

Phosphorylation of target proteins at Ser, Thr/Tyr residues

Flippase-catalyzed movement of phospholipids from the inner to the outer leaflet

A

Flippase-catalyzed movement of phospholipids from the inner to the outer leaflet

62
Q

Which of the following directly phosphorylate tyrosines to start a kinase protein enzymatic cascade?

Receptor tyrosine kinase
Receptor guanylyl cyclases
Receptor serine kinase
Receptor threonine kinase

A

Receptor tyrosine kinase

63
Q

PTB domains bind to

Phosphorylated tyrosine
Phosphoryated threonine
Phosphorylated serine
Phosphorylated cysteine

A

Phosphorylated tyrosine

64
Q

Scaffold protein in insulin signal transduction

KSR
IRS-1
MEKK1
AKAP

A

IRS-1

65
Q

Which of the following is involved in extrinsic cell death pathway?

Heterotrimeric G protein complex
TRADD
IRS-1
Protein-kinase A

A

TRADD

66
Q

Which of the following converts GTP to cGMP to start its enzymatic cascade?

Receptor guanylyl cyclase
Receptor adenylyl cyclase
Calmodulin
Protein kinase-A

A

Receptor guanylyl cyclase

67
Q

Which of the following are stimulated to become membrane associated upon binding of insulin to the insulin receptor?

PH-domain
PTB
SH3
SH2

A

PH-domain

68
Q

Which of the following is involved in phospho-tyrosine binding?

SH2
SH3
PTB
PH

A

SH2

69
Q

Which of the following is involved in proline rich motif binding?

SH2
SH3
PTB
PH

A

SH3

70
Q

Which of the following is not a downstream component?

Ras
MEK
ERK
PIP3

A

PIP3

71
Q

Which of the following statements about Arabidopsis is not true?

In Arabidopsis, CTR-1 Ser/Thr protein kinase is activated by ethylene

Activation of MAPK cascade

EINI activation

Synthesis of ERF1 transcription factor

A

In Arabidopsis, CTR-1 Ser/Thr protein kinase is activated by ethylene

72
Q

The 2-component system drives bacterial chemotaxis by coupling autophosphoryaltion of which receptor to phosphorylation of respective regulatory protein?

His kinase
Adenylyl cyclase
Guanylyl cyclase
None

A

His kinase

73
Q

Bacteria do not have which of the following receptors

Adhesion receptors
Nuclear steroid receptors
Membrane proteins
GPCR

A

Nuclear steroid receptors

74
Q

A factor involved in regulating the fate of stem cells in plant development

Adrenaline
Epinephrine
Thyroid stimulating hormone
CLV1

A

CLV1

75
Q

The peptide trigger for the self-incompatibility response that prevents self-pollination

Salicylic acid
Jasmonates
Brassinosteroids
Plant peptide hormones

A

Brassinosteroids

76
Q

Autophosphorylation is done on

His residues
Ser/Thr residues
Cys residues
Lys residues

A

Ser/Thr residues

77
Q

In Arabidopsis flg22 binds to

FLS2
LPS
BAK1
MAPK

A

FLS2

78
Q

Transcription factor in plants is

Serine
Threonine
WRKY22/29
Leucine

A

WRKY22/29

79
Q

Negative regulator of ethylene response

LPS
CTR1
BAK1
MAPK

A

CTR1

80
Q

ERF1is a

Translation terminating factor
Positive regulator
Translation promoting factor
Enzyme inhibitor

A

Translation terminating facto

81
Q

The G protein involved in visual signal transduction is

Rhodopsin
GTP receptor
Arrestin
Transducin

A

Arrestin

82
Q

Cholera toxin is not a/an

Enzyme inhibitor
Enzyme activator
Enzyme modifier
Toxin released from bacteria in the infected intestine

A

Enzyme activator

83
Q

In cholera there is uncontrolled secretion of

Na+ and H2O
K+ and H2O
Ca2+ and H2O
Mg2+ and H2O

A

Na+ and H2O

84
Q

Vision, olfaction and gustation employ

Serpentine receptors
Enzyme coupled receptors
Ligand gated receptors
Adhesion receptors

A

Serpentine receptors

85
Q

Which out of the following statements about sense of smell is not true?

Olfactory receptor cells are bipolar neurons, not replaced when damaged

The chemicals are received by specific plasma membrane receptors in olfactory receptor cells

Olfactory receptors do not adapt quickly

The main areas of brain that interpret sense of smell be in the temporal and frontal lobes

A

Olfactory receptors do not adapt quickly

86
Q

Most olfactory receptors are located on the

Superior surface of nasal cavity
Interior surface of nasal cavity
Lateral surface of nasal cavity
Medial surface of nasal cavity

A

Superior surface of nasal cavity

87
Q

Objects are perceived by photo receptors because rods or cones

Depolarize
Hyperpolarize
Repolarize
Polarize

A

Hyperpolarize

88
Q

Which of the following statements is not true about olfactory neurons?

Axons of olfactory neurons combine to form olfactory nerves

They synapse with cells in olfactory bulb

They have receptors that react with odorants dissolved in fluid

They are uni-polar neurons

A

They are uni-polar neurons

89
Q

What is the relationship between olfactory sensors and gustatory sensors?

Gustatory hair can also detect odorants

Olfactory hair can also detect tastants

Olfactory sensors provides information about
substance that we are about to taste

No relation

A

Olfactory sensors provides information about substance that we are about to taste

90
Q

When visual stimulus reaches receptors in retina of eye, first process involving absorption of physical energy by receptors is

Reception
Transduction
Coding
Adaptation

A

Reception

91
Q

When visual stimulus reaches receptors in retina of eye, second process involving absorption of physical energy by receptors is

Reception
Transduction
Coding
Adaptation

A

Transduction

92
Q

How do steroid hormones produce their effects in cells?

By activating key enzymes in metabolic pathway

By binding to intracellular receptors and promoting transcription of specific genes

By promoting degradation of specific m-RNAs

By activating translation of certain m-RNAs

A

By binding to intracellular receptors and promoting transcription of specific genes

93
Q

An example of positive regulator

CAP
Lac 1 gene
Trp operon
Met operon

A

CAP

94
Q

An example of negative regulator

CAP
Lac 1 gene
Nuclear receptors
Phosphorylated STAT proteins

A

Lac 1 gene

95
Q

Steroid regulatory proteins mediate the act by binding at

Zinc finger motif
Leucine zipper motif
Helix turn helix motif
Histone helix motif

A

Zinc finger motif

96
Q

Which out of the following statements is true about gene regulation in bacteria?

Repressor protein blocks transcription by binding to operator sequence

Activator proteins bind near promoters and increase the efficiency of transcription

Enhancers commonly regulate transcription

Genes with related functions are often grouped together and have a single start codon

A

Repressor protein blocks transcription by binding to operator sequence

97
Q

Steroid hormones receptor binds to

Hormone response elements in m-RNA
Hormone response elements in DNA
Hormone response elements in proteins
Ribosomes to stimulate translation
Cell membrane thereby increases permeability
A

Hormone response elements in DNA

98
Q

Mode of action of steroid hormones involve

Stimulation of DNA replication
Stimulation of m-RNA transcription
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Secondary messenger

A

Stimulation of m-RNA transcription

99
Q

The drug antagonist of estrogen is

Tanoxifen
Metformin
Glucophage
Victoza

A

Tanoxifen

100
Q

The drug used to terminate early pregnancies is

RU486
Metformin
Glucophage
Victoza

A

RU486

101
Q

Plasma membrane protein predicted to have seen 7 transmembrane helices segment binds

Progesterone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Insulin
Follicle stimulating hormone

A

Progesterone

102
Q

end

A

end

BIO CHEM (10 decks)

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