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Biology > BIO 101 (Chapters 1 - 3) > Flashcards

BIO 101 (Chapters 1 - 3) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

acid

A

A molecule that releases hydrogen ions into a solution

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2
Q

Adhesion

A

the tendency of hydrogen to bond to other compounds (ex. raindrops on a car window)

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3
Q

animalia

A

a kingdom under Eukarya that contains multicellular, cells with nuclei and membrane-bounded organelles, have no cell walls, hetorotrophs (by ingestion) and have complex organ systems

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3
Q

archaea

A

Any of a group of single-celled prokaryotic organisms (cells lack a defined nucleus and membrane bounded organelles)

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4
Q

asexual reproduction

A

organism that produces offspring virtually identical to itself (1 parent) any form of reproduction that does not require the fusion of gametes

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5
Q

bacteria

A

kingdom: unicellular, cells lack nuclei and membrane bounded organelles, cell walls different from Archaea and Eurkarya, Some autotrophs, some heterotrophs

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6
Q

base

A

a molecule that either releases hydroxide ions into a solution or removes hydrogen ions from it

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6
Q

binary nomenclature

A

the process of naming each species by two parts the genus name and the and the species name

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6
Q

capillary action

A

very thin narrow tube phenomenon that allows water to flow up the tube against gravity due to adhesion and cohesion

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6
Q

carbohydrates

A

compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.. monomer is a simple sugar

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6
Q

cell theory

A

the idea that all living things consists of cells, cells are structural and functional units of life, and all cells come from preexisiting cells

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7
Q

cells

A

smallest unit of life that can function independently

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8
Q

chemical reaction

A

interaction in which bonds break and new bonds form

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9
Q

chemistry

A

science of matter and the changes it undergoes

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9
Q

Chloroplast

A

organelle housing the reaction of photosynthesis in eurkaryotes (plant cells also gives them color)

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10
Q

Cohesion

A

the attraction of water molecules to each other or stick together based on hydrogen bonding

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11
Q

compound

A

a molecule including different elements

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12
Q

compound light microscope

A

microscope which glass lenses focuses visible light

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13
Q

confocal microscope

A

microscope which enhances resolution using white or laser light

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14
Q

control

A

untreated groups used as a basis for comparison with a treated group in an experiment

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15
Q

covalent bond

A

form when 2 atoms share electrons

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16
Q

cytoplasm

A

the watery soup of salts, organic molecules and the other substances inside the cell.

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17
Q

cytoskeleton

A

framework of protiens rodes and tubles inside of a eukarytioc cell

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18
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

formation of a covalent bond between two molecules by loss of water

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19
Q

denaturation

A

modification of a proteins shape so that its function is destroyed

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20
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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20
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

range of naturally occurring radiation

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21
Q

electron

A

a negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass that orbits the atom’s nucleus

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22
Q

electron microscope

A

microscope with greater magnification and better resolution but specimen must be dead

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23
Q

emergent properties

A

quality that results from interactions of a systems components

24
Q

energy shell

A

group of electrons orbitals that share the same energy lever

25
Q

Endoplasmic retuculum

A

(ER) interconnected membranous tubules and sacs that wind from the nuclear enevelope to the cell membrane, along which proteins are synthesized (in rough ER) and lipids synthesized (in smooth ER)

26
Q

fluid mosaic

A

two dimensional fluid of phospholipids and protiens that form biological membranes

26
Q

exocytosis

A

form of transporation in which vesicles containing cell secretions fuse with the cell membrane

27
Q

golgi apparatus

A

a system of flat, stacked, membrane-bounded sacs that packages cell products for export

28
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak chemical bond between oppositely charged portions of molecules

28
Q

hydrolysis

A

splitting a molecule by adding water

28
Q

hydrophilic

A

attracted to water

28
Q

ion

A

an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons giving it an electrical charge

28
Q

lipids

A

hydrophobic organic molecule consisting mostly of carbon and hydrogen

29
Q

lysosome

A

organelle in a eukaryotic cell that buds from the golgi appratus and enzymactically dismantles molecules, bacteria and worn out cell parts

30
Q

macromolecule

A

very large molecule made by grouping of molecules

30
Q

microfilament

A

component of the cytoskeleton made of the protein acid

30
Q

microtubules

A

component of thecytoskeleton, made of subunits of tubulin protein

31
Q

mitochondria

A

organelle that house the reactions of cellular respiration in eukaryotes

32
Q

molecule

A

two or more atoms joined by chemical bond

33
Q

monomer

A

a single link in a polymeric molecule

33
Q

neutron

A

a particle in an atoms nucleus that is electrically neutral and has one mass unit

34
Q

nucleic acid

A

a long polymer of nucleotides,DNA or RNA

35
Q

nucleus

A

membrane-bounded sac that contains DNA in a eukaryotic cell

36
Q

oligosaccharide

A

intermediate-length carbohydrate consisting of 3 to 100 monosaccharides

36
Q

orbital

A

volume of space where a particular electron is most of the time

37
Q

organic molecule

A

compund containing both carbon and hydrogen

38
Q

peroxisomes

A

membrane boundd sac that houses enzymes that break down fatty acids and dispose of toxic chemicals

38
Q

photon

A

a packet of light or other electromagnetic radiation

39
Q

plantea

A

plant kingdom

39
Q

polysaccharides

A

Complex carbohydrates consisting of hundreds of monosaccharide monomers

39
Q

product

A

a particle in an atoms nucleus carrying a positive charge and having one mass unit

39
Q

prokaryote

A

a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane- bounded organelles; bacteria and archaea

40
Q

protein

A

a polypeptide folded into its functional three dimensional shape

41
Q

proton

A

a particle in an atoms nucleus carrying a positive charge and having on mass unit

42
Q

eukaryotes

A

an organism composed of cells containing a nucleus and other membrane bounded organelles; domain Eurkarya

43
Q

periodic table

A

chart that lists elements according to their properties

43
Q

Robert Hooke

A

named the “cell” and also made the first microscope

43
Q

RNA

A

Ribose Sugar

44
Q

Rough ER

A

were secreted proteins are synthesized, contains ribosomes

45
Q

sexual reproduction

A

the combination of genetic material from two individuals to create a third individual

45
Q

smooth ER

A

area for lipid synthesis

46
Q

trans fat

A

unsaturated whose fatty acid tails are straight not kinked. Adds hydrogen to veggie oil to solidify it and raise the risk of heart disease.

47
Q

transmission electron microscope

A

sends a small beam of electrons through a very thing slice off a specimen, using a magnetic field rather than a glass lens to focus the beam

47
Q

triglycerides

A

Lipids containing a glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acid chains; chemical form in which most fats exist in food and in the body

47
Q

unsaturated fats

A

on double bond between carbon atoms. Produce tails

48
Q

scanning probe microscope

A

down to nanometer scale, this microscope probes over a surface to translate the distances into an image (kindof like brail)

Biology (8 decks)

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