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BIO 101 (Chapters 1 - 3) Flashcards

1
Q

acid

A

A molecule that releases hydrogen ions into a solution

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2
Q

Adhesion

A

the tendency of hydrogen to bond to other compounds (ex. raindrops on a car window)

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3
Q

animalia

A

a kingdom under Eukarya that contains multicellular, cells with nuclei and membrane-bounded organelles, have no cell walls, hetorotrophs (by ingestion) and have complex organ systems

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3
Q

archaea

A

Any of a group of single-celled prokaryotic organisms (cells lack a defined nucleus and membrane bounded organelles)

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4
Q

asexual reproduction

A

organism that produces offspring virtually identical to itself (1 parent) any form of reproduction that does not require the fusion of gametes

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5
Q

bacteria

A

kingdom: unicellular, cells lack nuclei and membrane bounded organelles, cell walls different from Archaea and Eurkarya, Some autotrophs, some heterotrophs

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6
Q

base

A

a molecule that either releases hydroxide ions into a solution or removes hydrogen ions from it

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6
Q

binary nomenclature

A

the process of naming each species by two parts the genus name and the and the species name

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6
Q

capillary action

A

very thin narrow tube phenomenon that allows water to flow up the tube against gravity due to adhesion and cohesion

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6
Q

carbohydrates

A

compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.. monomer is a simple sugar

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6
Q

cell theory

A

the idea that all living things consists of cells, cells are structural and functional units of life, and all cells come from preexisiting cells

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7
Q

cells

A

smallest unit of life that can function independently

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8
Q

chemical reaction

A

interaction in which bonds break and new bonds form

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9
Q

chemistry

A

science of matter and the changes it undergoes

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9
Q

Chloroplast

A

organelle housing the reaction of photosynthesis in eurkaryotes (plant cells also gives them color)

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10
Q

Cohesion

A

the attraction of water molecules to each other or stick together based on hydrogen bonding

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11
Q

compound

A

a molecule including different elements

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12
Q

compound light microscope

A

microscope which glass lenses focuses visible light

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13
Q

confocal microscope

A

microscope which enhances resolution using white or laser light

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14
Q

control

A

untreated groups used as a basis for comparison with a treated group in an experiment

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15
Q

covalent bond

A

form when 2 atoms share electrons

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16
Q

cytoplasm

A

the watery soup of salts, organic molecules and the other substances inside the cell.

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17
Q

cytoskeleton

A

framework of protiens rodes and tubles inside of a eukarytioc cell

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18
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

formation of a covalent bond between two molecules by loss of water

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19
denaturation
modification of a proteins shape so that its function is destroyed
20
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
20
electromagnetic spectrum
range of naturally occurring radiation
21
electron
a negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass that orbits the atom's nucleus
22
electron microscope
microscope with greater magnification and better resolution but specimen must be dead
23
emergent properties
quality that results from interactions of a systems components
24
energy shell
group of electrons orbitals that share the same energy lever
25
Endoplasmic retuculum
(ER) interconnected membranous tubules and sacs that wind from the nuclear enevelope to the cell membrane, along which proteins are synthesized (in rough ER) and lipids synthesized (in smooth ER)
26
fluid mosaic
two dimensional fluid of phospholipids and protiens that form biological membranes
26
exocytosis
form of transporation in which vesicles containing cell secretions fuse with the cell membrane
27
golgi apparatus
a system of flat, stacked, membrane-bounded sacs that packages cell products for export
28
hydrogen bond
weak chemical bond between oppositely charged portions of molecules
28
hydrolysis
splitting a molecule by adding water
28
hydrophilic
attracted to water
28
ion
an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons giving it an electrical charge
28
lipids
hydrophobic organic molecule consisting mostly of carbon and hydrogen
29
lysosome
organelle in a eukaryotic cell that buds from the golgi appratus and enzymactically dismantles molecules, bacteria and worn out cell parts
30
macromolecule
very large molecule made by grouping of molecules
30
microfilament
component of the cytoskeleton made of the protein acid
30
microtubules
component of thecytoskeleton, made of subunits of tubulin protein
31
mitochondria
organelle that house the reactions of cellular respiration in eukaryotes
32
molecule
two or more atoms joined by chemical bond
33
monomer
a single link in a polymeric molecule
33
neutron
a particle in an atoms nucleus that is electrically neutral and has one mass unit
34
nucleic acid
a long polymer of nucleotides,DNA or RNA
35
nucleus
membrane-bounded sac that contains DNA in a eukaryotic cell
36
oligosaccharide
intermediate-length carbohydrate consisting of 3 to 100 monosaccharides
36
orbital
volume of space where a particular electron is most of the time
37
organic molecule
compund containing both carbon and hydrogen
38
peroxisomes
membrane boundd sac that houses enzymes that break down fatty acids and dispose of toxic chemicals
38
photon
a packet of light or other electromagnetic radiation
39
plantea
plant kingdom
39
polysaccharides
Complex carbohydrates consisting of hundreds of monosaccharide monomers
39
product
a particle in an atoms nucleus carrying a positive charge and having one mass unit
39
prokaryote
a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane- bounded organelles; bacteria and archaea
40
protein
a polypeptide folded into its functional three dimensional shape
41
proton
a particle in an atoms nucleus carrying a positive charge and having on mass unit
42
eukaryotes
an organism composed of cells containing a nucleus and other membrane bounded organelles; domain Eurkarya
43
periodic table
chart that lists elements according to their properties
43
Robert Hooke
named the "cell" and also made the first microscope
43
RNA
Ribose Sugar
44
Rough ER
were secreted proteins are synthesized, contains ribosomes
45
sexual reproduction
the combination of genetic material from two individuals to create a third individual
45
smooth ER
area for lipid synthesis
46
trans fat
unsaturated whose fatty acid tails are straight not kinked. Adds hydrogen to veggie oil to solidify it and raise the risk of heart disease.
47
transmission electron microscope
sends a small beam of electrons through a very thing slice off a specimen, using a magnetic field rather than a glass lens to focus the beam
47
triglycerides
Lipids containing a glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acid chains; chemical form in which most fats exist in food and in the body
47
unsaturated fats
on double bond between carbon atoms. Produce tails
48
scanning probe microscope
down to nanometer scale, this microscope probes over a surface to translate the distances into an image (kindof like brail)

Biology (8 decks)

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