BIO 101 Chapter 3 Review Flashcards

Question

# BIO 101 - Chapter 3 Review Organelles

Answer 1

compartments that carry out specialized functions; Contributes to efficient functionality of biochemicals and structures by keeping them close; Keeps potentially harmful substances away from other cells; Saves energy

Answer 2

Composed of phospholipids; Often called fluid mosaic because many of the proteins and phospholipids are free to move laterally within the bilayer

Answer 3

Organic molecules; Glycerol bonds to only two fatty acids, the third carbon binds to a phosphate group attached to additional atoms

Answer 4

Hydrophilic ('phosphate head') and hydrophobic ('fatty acid tail') creating a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 5

Transport proteins, Enzymes, Recognition proteins, Adhesion Proteins, Receptor Proteins, and Transport proteins

Answer 6

Facilitate chemical reaction

Answer 7

Carbohydrates attached to cell surface proteins; serve as 'name tags' that help the body recognize it's own cells

Answer 8

enable cells to stick to one another

Answer 9

Bind to molecules outside the cell and trigger a reaction inside the cell

Answer 10

Consists of several interacting organelles; exchange materials in transport vesicles.

Answer 11

Transport materials into a cell

Answer 12

Contains DNA; Separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane; It's function is to control cellular activities

Answer 13

holes in the nucleus through which mRNA molecules exit the nucleus with genetic information

Answer 14

Framework of protein rods and tubules in eukaryotic cells; Provides structural support necessary to maintain the cell's three-dimensional shape; Enables cells or parts of a cell to move; Helps to connect cells to one another

Answer 15

Microfilaments; Intermediate filaments; microtubules

Answer 16

A network of sacs and tubules composed of membranes; Extends from the nuclear envelope; Consists of smooth ER and Rough ER

Answer 17

Stack of flat membrane enclosed sacks; Acts as a processing center; Proteins from the ER pass through the series of Golgi sacs; Sorts and packages materials into vesicles for transport;

Answer 18

Area of Lipid synthesis; does not have ribosomes associated with it

Answer 19

Area where secreted proteins are synthesized; Contains ribosomes

Answer 20

Organelles containing enzymes that dismantle and recycle food particles, captured bacteria, worn out organelles, and debris; Enzymes inside Lysosomes breakdown large organic molecules into smaller subunits

Answer 21

Lysosomes' membrane maintain a pH of the organelles interior at about 4.8, much more acidic than the neutral pH of the rest of the cytoplasm. If one lysosome is to burst, the liberated enzymes will not be at their optimum pH, thus unable to digest the rest of the cell

Answer 22

defective lysosome enzymes allows a lipid to accumulate to toxic levels in nerve cells of the brain. Affects nervous system (sight, hearing, movement)

Answer 23

Serve the same function as lysosomes in plants

Answer 24

Contained in all eukaryotic cells; contains different enzymes that dispose of toxic substances; Originates from the ER; Protein crystals form due to high enzyme concentrations levels

Answer 25

Organelle housing the reactions of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells

Answer 26

Green pigment that plants and algae use to harness the energy in sunlight; Embedded in Thylakoids

Answer 27

Organelles that use a process called cellular respiration to extract energy from food; Inherited from female parent in most mammals

Answer 28

Both have their own DNA and ribosomes; Both surrounded by double membranes; Provide clues to the origins of eukaryotic cells

Answer 29

Shape, regulate cell volume, prevent bursting when a cell takes too much water

Answer 30

Channels that connect adjacent plant cells

Answer 31

Lack cell wall; Secretes a complex extracellular matrix that holds them together and coordinate many aspect of cellular life

Answer 32

Nonliving substances that surround animal cells; includes ground substances and fibers

Answer 33

Tight junctions fuse neighboring cell membranes.; Anchoring junctions form spot wields; Gap junctions allow small molecules to move between adjacent cells.

Answer 34

The living contents of a cell surrounded by a plasma membrane

Answer 35

Made up of DNA and protein ; They contain the information which controls heredity and the activity of the cell; During cell division the chromatin condenses into chromosomes.

Answer 36

composed of both nucleic acid and protein, gives rise to ribosome

Answer 37

The cellular material within the nucleus

Answer 38

composed of microtubules in a specific arrangement; They are responsible for mobility of the cell or for movement of materials past the cell

Answer 39

fluid filled bags, surrounded by a membrane; occupies much of the interior of a plant cell; stores wastes and foods as well as playing a major role in maintaining the turgidity of the plant cell

Answer 40

Inactive materials in the cytoplasm; often storage molecules

Answer 41

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Answer 42

There are no membrane-bound organelles found in bacteria. Thus, bacteria do not have ER, mitochondria, chloroplasts, golgi apparatus, or lysosomes

Answer 43

viruses that infect bacteria

Answer 44

Lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol); proteins(and glycoproteins)

Answer 45

serve the cell by recognizing and communicating with other cells

Answer 46

small outpocketings of the cell membrane and increase the surface area of the membrane

Answer 47

means the same as; same; same; no net movement; no effect on cell

Answer 48

means less than; less concentrated; more concentrated; net movement of water into cell; causes increase in size of cell and may cause death by bursting of the cell if there is no protective cell wall.

Answer 49

means more than; more concentrated; less concentrated; net movement of water is out of cell; causes decrease in size of cell and may cause death by dehydration

Answer 50

made up of microtubules; located near the nucleus and are involved in movement of the chromosomes during cell division