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MCAT > Bio 1 to 4 Important Proteins > Flashcards

Bio 1 to 4 Important Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What is a decarboxylase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes the removal of carbon dioxide from a compound
ie pyruvate decarboxylase

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2
Q

What is a dehydrogenase?

A

enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by a reduction reaction that transfers one or more hydrides to an electron acceptor
ie pyruvate dehydrogenase

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3
Q

What is a hydrolase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond

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4
Q

What is an isomerase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes structural rearrangement of a molecule
ie G6P isomerase catalyzes G6P to F6P

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5
Q

What is a lyase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of a bond in ways other than hydrolysis and oxidation

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6
Q

What is an oxidase?

A

an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction reaction

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7
Q

What is an oxidoreductase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule (electron donor) to another (electron acceptor)

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8
Q

What is a peptidase?

A

a protease

hydrolyzes peptide bonds

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9
Q

Describe the difference between a kinase and a phosphorylase

A

kinase- transfers phosphate group from a donor i.e. ATP

phosphorylase- add inorganic phosphate

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10
Q

What is a reductase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes a reduction reaction

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11
Q

What is a translocase?

A

assists in moving other molecules, usually across a membrane

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12
Q

What is hexokinase?

A

phosphorylates glucose to G6P in glycolysis using a phosphate from ATP

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13
Q

What is phosphofructokinase?

A

phosphorylates F6P to F1,6 bisphosphate in glycolysis using a phosphate from ATP

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14
Q

What is pyruvate kinase?

A

catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP during glycolysis, resulting in one pyruvate and one ATP

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15
Q

What is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A

converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

produces an NADH and CO2

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16
Q

What is isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate in the citric acid cycle
produces CO2 and NADH and NADPH

17
Q

What is glucose-6-phosphatase?

A

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of G6P to glucose in gluconeogenesis

18
Q

What is fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase?

A

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of F16P to F6P in gluconeogenesis

19
Q

What is pyruvate carboxylase?

A

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate using ATP hydrolysis in gluconeogenesis

20
Q

What is PEP carboxykinase?

A

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate and CO2 using GTP hydrolysis in gluconeogenesis

21
Q

What is phosphofructokinase-2?

A

the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of F6P to F-2,6-bisphosphate

22
Q

What is fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase?

A

the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of F-2,6-P to F6P

23
Q

What is glycogen synthase?

A

the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of G1P to glycogen

24
Q

What is glycogen phosphorylase?

A

the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glycogen and Pi to G1P

25
Q

What is acyl-CoA synthetase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes the activation of fatty acids by attaching them to CoA for beta-oxidation

26
Q

What is acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA (activation in the biosynthesis of fatty acids)

27
Q

What is fatty acid synthase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes the elongation, reduction, dehydration and second reduction in biosynthesis of fatty acids
it uses NADPH in its reduction reactions

28
Q

What is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of G6P in the pentose phosphate pathway using NADP+ (makes NADPH)

29
Q

What is DNA gyrase?

A

the enzyme that supercoils prokaryotic DNA

it also is known as topoisomerase II and relieves strain while helices unwinds double-stranded DNA

MCAT (15 decks)

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