Bio 1 to 4 Important Proteins

Question 1

What is a decarboxylase?

Answer 1

enzyme that catalyzes the removal of carbon dioxide from a compound
ie pyruvate decarboxylase

Question 2

What is a dehydrogenase?

Answer 2

enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by a reduction reaction that transfers one or more hydrides to an electron acceptor
ie pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 3

What is a hydrolase?

Answer 3

enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond

Question 4

What is an isomerase?

Answer 4

enzyme that catalyzes structural rearrangement of a molecule
ie G6P isomerase catalyzes G6P to F6P

Question 5

What is a lyase?

Answer 5

enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of a bond in ways other than hydrolysis and oxidation

Question 6

What is an oxidase?

Answer 6

an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction reaction

Question 7

What is an oxidoreductase?

Answer 7

enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule (electron donor) to another (electron acceptor)

Question 8

What is a peptidase?

Answer 8

a protease

hydrolyzes peptide bonds

Question 9

Describe the difference between a kinase and a phosphorylase

Answer 9

kinase- transfers phosphate group from a donor i.e. ATP

phosphorylase- add inorganic phosphate

Question 10

What is a reductase?

Answer 10

enzyme that catalyzes a reduction reaction

Question 11

What is a translocase?

Answer 11

assists in moving other molecules, usually across a membrane

Question 12

What is hexokinase?

Answer 12

phosphorylates glucose to G6P in glycolysis using a phosphate from ATP

Question 13

What is phosphofructokinase?

Answer 13

phosphorylates F6P to F1,6 bisphosphate in glycolysis using a phosphate from ATP

Question 14

What is pyruvate kinase?

Answer 14

catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP during glycolysis, resulting in one pyruvate and one ATP

Question 15

What is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

Answer 15

converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

produces an NADH and CO2

Question 16

What is isocitrate dehydrogenase?

Answer 16

enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate in the citric acid cycle
produces CO2 and NADH and NADPH

Question 17

What is glucose-6-phosphatase?

Answer 17

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of G6P to glucose in gluconeogenesis

Question 18

What is fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase?

Answer 18

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of F16P to F6P in gluconeogenesis

Question 19

What is pyruvate carboxylase?

Answer 19

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate using ATP hydrolysis in gluconeogenesis

Question 20

What is PEP carboxykinase?

Answer 20

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate and CO2 using GTP hydrolysis in gluconeogenesis

Question 21

What is phosphofructokinase-2?

Answer 21

the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of F6P to F-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 22

What is fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase?

Answer 22

the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of F-2,6-P to F6P

Question 23

What is glycogen synthase?

Answer 23

the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of G1P to glycogen

Question 24

What is glycogen phosphorylase?

Answer 24

the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glycogen and Pi to G1P

Question 25

What is acyl-CoA synthetase?

Answer 25

enzyme that catalyzes the activation of fatty acids by attaching them to CoA for beta-oxidation

Question 26

What is acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

Answer 26

enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA (activation in the biosynthesis of fatty acids)

Question 27

What is fatty acid synthase?

Answer 27

enzyme that catalyzes the elongation, reduction, dehydration and second reduction in biosynthesis of fatty acids it uses NADPH in its reduction reactions

Question 28

What is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?

Answer 28

enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of G6P in the pentose phosphate pathway using NADP+ (makes NADPH)

Question 29

What is DNA gyrase?

Answer 29

the enzyme that supercoils prokaryotic DNA | it also is known as topoisomerase II and relieves strain while helices unwinds double-stranded DNA