Bias Flashcards
What is bias?
A preference for one characteristic over another
What is the difference between implicit and explicit bias?
Explicit bias –> One which you are aware you have and have direct control over. E.g. ‘I like whites over Latinos’ Implicit bias –> Expressed indirectly and unaware of. Operates subconsciously. E.g. ‘Sitting further away from Latinos than whites’
What is an implicit attitude?
An attitude is your feeling about a concept. An Implicit attitude is much less accessible to our conscious awareness and control.
What is an explicit stereotype?
An explicit stereotype is the kind that you can deliberately think and tell someone about.
What is an implicit stereotype?
An implicit stereotype is one that is relatively inaccessible to your conscious awareness and control
What is implicit bias a mix of?
Implicit attitudes and implicit stereotypes
How do implicit biases develop?
Through accumulating experiences, your brain creates “shortcuts”. You don’t do any working out as you have already created a ‘feeling’ through influences
What are the 3 cognitive biases?
- Confirmation bias 2. Anchoring effect 3. Framing effect
What is confirmation bias?
We focus on the data that is in favour of the hypothesis. We remember things selectively.
What is the anchoring effect?
Relying on 1 piece of information to make the decision. Perhaps the first one you are given.
What is the framing effect?
Drawing different conclusions from the same information depending on how or by whom that information is presented.
What is the Johari window?
What are the 4 components of stigmatisation?
- People distinguish and label differences
- Dominate cultural beliefs link labelled persons to undesirable characteristics
- Labels person placed in distinct categories, discrimination, leads to unequal outcomes
- Access to social/economic and political power is conditioned upon these labels an stereotypes allow for disaproval, rejection, exclusion and discrimination
