Betty Neuman Flashcards
The model views a person as an open system that responds to stressors in the environment
Neuman’s System Model
there is a continuous flow of input and process, output, and feedback
Open System
matter, energy, and information that are exchanged between the client and the environment
Input & Output
exchanges “energy with the environment as well as other parts and subparts of the system” as it uses available energy resources “to move toward stability and wholeness”
Function or process
system output in the form of “matter, energy, and information serve as feedback for
future input” “for corrective action to change, enhance, or stabilize the system”.
Feedback
the process of energy conservation that increases organization and complexity, moving the
system toward stability at a higher degree of wellness
Negentrophy
process of energy depletion and disorganization moving the system toward illness or possible death
Egentropy
the “desirable state of balance in which energy exchanges can take place without disruption of the
character of the system,” which points toward optimal health
Stability
tension-producing stimuli “that have the potential to disrupt system stability, leading to an outcome
that may be positive or negative.”
Stressors
Stressors may arise from (3 forces)
Intrapersonal Forces
Interpersonal Forces
Extra-personal Forces
Occur within the person e.g., anxiety
Intrapersonal Forces
Occur between one or more persons e.g., peer pressure
Interpersonal Forces
Occur outside the individual e.g., financial problems
Extra-personal Forces
3 levels of intervention
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
occurs when a stressor is suspected or identified. A reaction has not yet occurred
but the degree of risk is known; the purpose is to reduce the possibility of encounter with the stressor or
to decrease the possibility of a reaction
Primary Prevention
