Betty M. Neuman: System Model in Nursing Practice (Health Care Systems Model) Flashcards
– elements are exchanging information energy within its complex organization
Open system
clients are viewed as wholes (wholistic) whose parts are in dynamic interaction
- variables are physiological, psychological, developmental, socio-cultural & spiritual
Client variables
series of broken rings surrounding the basic core structure
lines of resistance
- represent resource factors that help the client defend against a stressor
lines of resistance
model’s outer solid circle.
- represents a stability state for the individual or system
Normal line of defense
- they are what usually protects us from stressors
- baseline in determining the level of wellness of client within the continuum of health.
normal line of defense
- outermost boundary with broken lines
- serve as an initial response to stressors
Flexible line of defense
is the increase in energy that occurs
in relation to the degree of reaction to the stressor
Reconstitution
- An open system who may be an individual, family, community or society
- Viewed as being in constant change or motion as he interacts with the environment
- person adjusting to it or adjusting it to himself (reciprocal interaction)
Person
defined as being all the internal & external factors that surround the person.
Environment
three kinds of environmental forces
internal, external, and created environment
– intrapersonal stressors (stressors contained within the client)
) Internal environment
– interpersonal or extrapersonal (stressors occurring outside the client)
External environment
– intrapersonal
- unconsciously developed; dynamic in nature
- can be a healthy adaptation (relaxation) OR can be maladaptive (schizophrenia)
Created environment
● a continuum of wellness to illness that is dynamic in nature & constantly subject to change.
Health
- harmonious interaction among the parts of the client system (system needs are met)
Wellness
- disharmony in the interaction among parts of the client system (unmet needs in varying degrees)
Illness
- client system successfully copes with stressors
Stability
Role of the nurse Neuman systems model
assist client to 3 levels of prevention. Focus is on the Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
- carried out when the reaction has not yet occurred, but the degree of risk is known
- reduces the possibility of encountering the stressors
Primary prevention
- initiated after symptoms from stress have occurred
- reduces the effect or possible effect of stressors
- it is what is done when illness strikes treatment of symptoms
Secondary prevention
- attempts to reduce the residual stressor effects after treatment
- it is what is done to rehabilitate a person after illness or accident
- can move the person back to primary prevention again
Tertiary Prevention
Theme of Imogene King’s theory
- Interaction & Goal Attainment
Interacting Systems Framework
Composed of the ____
- PERSONAL systems
- INTERPERSONAL systems
- SOCIAL systems
King proposed that the nurse interacts in the system simultaneously at three different levels, namely:
PERSONAL(Individuals)
INTERPERSONAL(Groups)
SOCIAL SYSTEMS (Society)
How the nurse views and integrates self-based from personal goals and beliefs
PERSONAL( Individuals)
How the nurse interrelates with a co-worker or patient, particularly in a nurse-patient relationship
INTERPERSONAL( Groups)
Include health care settings, workplaces, educational institutions, religious organizations, and families
SOCIAL SYSTEMS (Society)
● Individuals are social, conscious, rational, reacting beings
Person
● Dynamic state in the life cycle
● Illness is an interference in the life cycle.
● Health implies continuous adjustment to stress in internal & external environment
● Requires optimum use of one’s resources to achieve maximum potential for daily living
Health
Is the background for human interactions. It involves
a. internal environment
b. external environment
Environment
- A process of human interactions between nurse and client whereby each perceives the other and the situation, and through communication, they set goals, explore means, and agree on means to achieve goals
Nursing
The means by which humans process sensory information & construct understandings of the world.
● Perceptions
Is derived from one’s perception of the situation
● Judgment
Sequence of behaviors or activities based on the person’s judgment of the situation.
● Action
form of reacting or a response to a certain stimulus
● Reaction
any situation wherein the nurse relates & deals with the client or patient
● Interaction
reaching some agreement to pursue an action plan to achieve the desired outcome
● Transaction
Role of the Nurse or Betty M. Neuman
agree or convince the client to agree with you
