Betty M. Neuman: System Model in Nursing Practice (Health Care Systems Model)

Question 1

– elements are exchanging information energy within its complex organization

Answer 1

Open system

Question 2

clients are viewed as wholes (wholistic) whose parts are in dynamic interaction
- variables are physiological, psychological, developmental, socio-cultural & spiritual

Answer 2

Client variables

Question 3

series of broken rings surrounding the basic core structure

Answer 3

lines of resistance

Question 4

• represent resource factors that help the client defend against a stressor

Answer 4

lines of resistance

Question 5

model’s outer solid circle.
- represents a stability state for the individual or system

Answer 5

Normal line of defense

Question 6

• they are what usually protects us from stressors
• baseline in determining the level of wellness of client within the continuum of health.

Answer 6

normal line of defense

Question 7

• outermost boundary with broken lines
• serve as an initial response to stressors

Answer 7

Flexible line of defense

Question 8

is the increase in energy that occurs
in relation to the degree of reaction to the stressor

Answer 8

Reconstitution

Question 9

• An open system who may be an individual, family, community or society
• Viewed as being in constant change or motion as he interacts with the environment
• person adjusting to it or adjusting it to himself (reciprocal interaction)

Answer 9

Person

Question 10

defined as being all the internal & external factors that surround the person.

Answer 10

Environment

Question 11

three kinds of environmental forces

Answer 11

internal, external, and created environment

Question 12

– intrapersonal stressors (stressors contained within the client)

Answer 12

) Internal environment

Question 13

– interpersonal or extrapersonal (stressors occurring outside the client)

Answer 13

External environment

Question 14

– intrapersonal
- unconsciously developed; dynamic in nature
- can be a healthy adaptation (relaxation) OR can be maladaptive (schizophrenia)

Answer 14

Created environment

Question 15

● a continuum of wellness to illness that is dynamic in nature & constantly subject to change.

Answer 15

Health

Question 16

• harmonious interaction among the parts of the client system (system needs are met)

Answer 16

Wellness

Question 17

• disharmony in the interaction among parts of the client system (unmet needs in varying degrees)

Answer 17

Illness

Question 18

• client system successfully copes with stressors

Answer 18

Stability

Question 19

Role of the nurse Neuman systems model

Answer 19

assist client to 3 levels of prevention. Focus is on the Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

Question 20

• carried out when the reaction has not yet occurred, but the degree of risk is known
• reduces the possibility of encountering the stressors

Answer 20

Primary prevention

Question 21

• initiated after symptoms from stress have occurred
• reduces the effect or possible effect of stressors
• it is what is done when illness strikes treatment of symptoms

Answer 21

Secondary prevention

Question 22

• attempts to reduce the residual stressor effects after treatment
• it is what is done to rehabilitate a person after illness or accident
• can move the person back to primary prevention again

Answer 22

Tertiary Prevention

Question 23

Theme of Imogene King’s theory

Answer 23

• Interaction & Goal Attainment

Question 24

Interacting Systems Framework
Composed of the ____

Answer 24

1. PERSONAL systems
2. INTERPERSONAL systems
3. SOCIAL systems

Question 25

King proposed that the nurse interacts in the system simultaneously at three different levels, namely:

Answer 25

PERSONAL(Individuals) INTERPERSONAL(Groups) SOCIAL SYSTEMS (Society)

Question 26

How the nurse views and integrates self-based from personal goals and beliefs

Answer 26

PERSONAL( Individuals)

Question 27

How the nurse interrelates with a co-worker or patient, particularly in a nurse-patient relationship

Answer 27

INTERPERSONAL( Groups)

Question 28

Include health care settings, workplaces, educational institutions, religious organizations, and families

Answer 28

SOCIAL SYSTEMS (Society)

Question 29

● Individuals are social, conscious, rational, reacting beings

Answer 29

Person

Question 30

● Dynamic state in the life cycle ● Illness is an interference in the life cycle. ● Health implies continuous adjustment to stress in internal & external environment ● Requires optimum use of one’s resources to achieve maximum potential for daily living

Answer 30

Health

Question 31

Is the background for human interactions. It involves a. internal environment b. external environment

Answer 31

Environment

Question 32

- A process of human interactions between nurse and client whereby each perceives the other and the situation, and through communication, they set goals, explore means, and agree on means to achieve goals

Answer 32

Nursing

Question 33

The means by which humans process sensory information & construct understandings of the world.

Answer 33

● Perceptions

Question 34

Is derived from one's perception of the situation

Answer 34

● Judgment

Question 35

Sequence of behaviors or activities based on the person's judgment of the situation.

Answer 35

● Action

Question 36

form of reacting or a response to a certain stimulus

Answer 36

● Reaction

Question 37

any situation wherein the nurse relates & deals with the client or patient

Answer 37

● Interaction

Question 38

reaching some agreement to pursue an action plan to achieve the desired outcome

Answer 38

● Transaction

Question 39

Role of the Nurse or Betty M. Neuman

Answer 39

agree or convince the client to agree with you