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BEO160829 > BEO160829 EMF > Flashcards

BEO160829 EMF Flashcards

1
Q

_____ _____ are similar to a sound wave, have mutually supporting electric and magnetic fields, are non-ionizing, and have E field and H field which “compliment” each other at 90 degrees.

A

Electromagnetic Waves

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2
Q

_____ Rays originate from the nucleus.

A

Gamma

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3
Q

____ Rays originate from outer electron shells.

A

X

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4
Q

On the _____ _____, the wavelength is inversely proportional to the amount of energy. For example, as wavelength decreases, energy INCREASES.

A

Electromagnetic Spectrum

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5
Q

The _____ is the distance between peaks or troughs of a sinusoidal curve.

A

Wavelength

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6
Q

Wavelength and _____ are inversely related.

A

Frequency

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7
Q

The _____ is the number of COMPLETE wave cycles that pass a point in space in 1 second.

A

Frequency

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8
Q

Each _____ of a frequency, regarless of size, will have the same amount of energy.

A

Cycle

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9
Q

A _____ is a discrete packet of energy associated with electromagnetic radiation.

A

Photon

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10
Q

The only difference between the various types of electromagnetic radiation is the ____ ____ ____ found in the photons.

A

amount of energy

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11
Q

The unit of photon energy is the _____ or the _____ _____.

A

joule (j) or the electron volt (eV)

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12
Q

The energy of an electromagnetic wave of a certain frequency and wavelength is determined by multiplying the frequency by the energy of each cycle designated as _____ constant.

A

Planck’s Constant (h)

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13
Q

AFI _____-_____ is the Electromagetic Field Radiation Occupational and Environmental Health Program guidance.

A

48-109

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14
Q

Energy is transferred to tissue by _____ the water molecules in the tissue. It heats from “the inside out”.

A

Exciting

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15
Q

_____ _____ is influenced by the frequency of the incident radiation and by orientation of the object in the electromagnetic field.

A

EMF Absorption

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16
Q

_____ _____ fields occur at 3kHz to 5 MHz, cause currents to flow in the body, stimulate nerves and muscle cells, and have health consequences with very powerful magnetic field exposure.

A

LOW Frequency

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17
Q

EMF fields between _____ to _____ are capable of penetrating body tissue and heat it, with the penetration depth decreasing at higher frequencies, and the most sensitive organs having low blood flow (eyes, testicles, gall bladder, urinary bladder).

A

1 MHz to 10 GHz

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18
Q

EMF fields in the ____ to _____ frequency range are known as the “resonance range”, have wavelengths that are very close to the human size, the field energy is absorbed, and the LOWEST exposure limits are found in this range.

A

30 to 300 MHz

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19
Q

EMF fields above ____ GHz are absorbed at the skin surface with only a small portion of energy penetrating underlying skin.

A

10 GHz

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20
Q

The _____ _____ _____ is the rate at which energy is absorbed per unit mass, or dose rate.

A

Specific Absorption Rate

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21
Q

The _____ _____ _____ is the highest allowable rate of exposure of EMF.

A

Maximum Permissable Exposure (MPE)

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22
Q

The _____ _____ MPE are used at installations which have KNOWN EMF programs. The SAR is _____.

A

Upper Tier 0.4

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23
Q

The _____ _____ MPE are used for exposures where individuals have NO knowledge of exposure. The SAR is _____.

A

Lower Tier 0.08

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24
Q

What are the components of an EMF Emitter System?

A
  1. Transmitter
  2. Transmission Line
  3. Antenna
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25
Q

The _____ generates and amplifies the signal.

A

Transmitter

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26
Q

Power is specified in _____.

A

Watts (W)

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27
Q

Frequency is specified in ____.

A

MegaHertz (MHz)

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28
Q

The _____ _____ carries the signal to the antenna.

A

Transmission Line

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29
Q

What are the two types of transmission lines?

A
  1. One conductor lines
  2. Two conductor lines
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30
Q

What is the main concern with transmission lines?

A

Leaks which may cause unknown exposure.

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31
Q

The _____ is the point at which electromagnetic energy is intentionally emitted.

A

Antenna

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32
Q

The _____ possess the greatest concern to health risk assessors.

A

Antenna

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33
Q

The _____ provides directivity or directonality of the electromagnetic energy.

34
Q

The _____ _____ is a measure of its ability to concentrate energy in a certain direction. It is UNITLESS.

A

Antenna Gain

35
Q

The ____ of the antenna concentrates the energy to a spot.

36
Q

A _____ wave is always on so the duty factor (DF) = 1. Examples are radio stations.

A

Continuous Wave

37
Q

A _____ wave is intermittent.

A

Pulsed Wave

38
Q

The _____ _____ is 2 wavelengths away from the source.

39
Q

The _____ _____ is between the near-field and far-field. It is difficult to characterize.

A

Transition Zone

40
Q

The _____ _____ is less than 1 wavelength from the source.

A

Near-Field

41
Q

EMF measurements are most often taken in the _____ _____.

42
Q

What are the 5 types of emitters?

A
  1. Non-hazardous
  2. Ground Level
  3. Climbing
  4. Inaccessible
  5. Short Duration
43
Q

What is the highest priority during evaluation of emitters?

A

Ground Level

44
Q

What is the 2nd priority during evaluation of emitters?

45
Q

What is the 3rd priority during evaluation of emitters?

A

Inaccessible

46
Q

TRUE or FALSE: When calculating EMF exposure, a “running average” is used approximately every 6 minutes?

47
Q

What are the 3 typical sources of EMF emitters?

A
  1. Aircraft Mounted
  2. Ground Fixed Satellite
  3. Mobile Systems
48
Q

What is the most hazardous EMF source emmitter in the AF?

A

Aircraft Mounted

49
Q

What are examples of Air Craft Mounted EMF emmitters?

A

AWACS

Fire Control

Radar Counter Measures

50
Q

What are the BE EMF Program responsibilities?

A

* Inventory of EMF emitters every 2 years

* Health Risk Assessments

* Recommend Controls

* Investigate overexposures with PH

51
Q

What are the Public Health EMF Program responsibilities?

A

* Assist with investigations

* Initiate and complete OI report

52
Q

What are the Unit Commanders EMF Program responsibilities?

A

Establish program and procedures

53
Q

What are the supervisors EMF Program responsibilities?

A

* Conduct initial and annual training.

* Notify BE of any new systems

54
Q

The _____ _____ is measured from the antenna to the point at which MPE is found.

A

Hazard Distance (Dpel)

55
Q

What is the objective of of the EMF survey?

A
  1. Identify the Dpel hazard distance
  2. Identify HOT SPOTS
56
Q

E and H fields must be determined for frequencies less than _____ MHz.

57
Q

For frequencies above _____ MHz, only one field component (E or H) need be measured.

58
Q

What are examples of EMF engineering controls?

A

* interlocks

* shields

* Blanking

59
Q

What are examples of EMF admin controls?

A

* Education and training

* Signs

* Cones

* Schedules

* Warning lights

60
Q

_____ controls are not advocated or authorized for EMF exposures by the USAF.

61
Q

When must flight medicine conduct a post exposure medical evaluation?

A

Within 72 hours of the incident - if the exposure level is 5 times the MPE.

62
Q

Which agencies must be provided a copy of the written investigation report?

A

Patient, AFMSA BE, MAJCOM BE, PH, SE, ESOH service center.

63
Q

The final investigative report must be distributed within _____ workdays.

64
Q

_____ _____ is IR / UV radiation which behaves according to characteristics of geometric optics.

A

Optical Radiation

65
Q

What wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum does UV radiation fall in?

A

100 - 400 nm

66
Q

The _____ falls within the 315-400nm region (black light).

67
Q

The ____ falls within the 280-315nm region (erythema).

68
Q

The _____ falls within the 100-280nm region (ozone and germicidal)

69
Q

At what range does sunburn occur?

70
Q

What are engineering controls for UV radiation?

A

* Opaque barriers

* UV radiation blocking filters

* Interlocks

* Shade cover

71
Q

What is the federal guidance for non-solar Eye and Face protection?

A

ANSI Z87.1-1979

72
Q

What is the AF reference/guidance for Welding, Cutting, and ….

A

AFI 91-203

73
Q

Because the primary source of IR radiation is heat (thermal radiation), any object with _________ radiates in IR.

A

Temperature

74
Q

____ _____ is IR radiation closest in wavelength to visible light.

A

Near Field

75
Q

____ ____ IR radiation are thermal - it is the heat we feel from from sunlight, fire, or a warm sidewalk heated by the sun.

76
Q

What thermal effects are associated with IR radiation?

A

* Acute skin burn

* Increased pigmentation

* Increased capillary …..

* Corneal and retinal burns

77
Q

What are IR radiation hazard controls?

A

* Baffles and sight barriers = ENG

* Absorbing plastic materials = ADM

* OD glasses and Hats = PPE

78
Q

_____ _____ ______ are systems using directed energy primarily as a direct means to damage or destroy enemy equipment and facilities and / or use of non-lethal directed energy to disrupt enemy personnel.

A

Directed Energy Weapons

79
Q

What are two capabilities of directed energy weapons in use today?

A
  1. Acoustic Hailing Devices
  2. Optical distractors
80
Q

At what frequency do directed energy weapons heat the outer layer of skin?

81
Q

What are the potential biological effects associated with directed energy overexposure?

A

* Thermal

* Ocular

* Acoustical

BEO160829 (11 decks)

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