BEO 160829 CHEM Flashcards
__ CFR ____.____, is the Hazard Communication guidance - chemical is hazardous if it can cause a physical or health hazard.
29 CFR 1910.1200
_____ is the study of adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms.
Toxicology
The 4 chemical phases of toxic materials are:
- Gas - NTP (1 atm, 25C)
- Liquid
- Vapor - solid/liquid at NTP, VP drives some to air.
- Solids
What are the three types of solid / fibers that hazardous chemicals can be?
- Fibers
- Dust
- Fumes
What are three types of “aerosols” that hazardous chemicals can be?
- Smoke
- Mist
- Fog
Any particle with an aspect ratio >3 is a _____.
Fiber
Any particles airborne by mechanical action are known as _____.
Dust
Solids that are vaporized then condense and solidify are known as _____.
Fumes
______ are solid particulates formed by incomplete combustion.
Smoke
Liquid droplets formed by mechanical action are known as _____.
Mist
_____ is liquid droplets formed by condensation.
Fog
_____ are sometimes referred to as corrosives.
Acids - pH 6 to 0
_____ are sometimes referred to as caustics.
Bases - pH 8 to 14
A chemical is known as _____ if it causes injury or death.
Toxic
A chemical is considered to be ______ if it ignites at >199.4 F.
Flammable
A substance is considered to be _____ if it promotes or initiates combustion.
Oxidizer / Reactive
_____ _____ is a gas that is pressurized in a container.
Compressed Gas
An _____ chemical explodes when heated, shocked, or pressurized.
Explosive
A _____ chemical will emit ionizing radiation.
Radioactive
A _____ is a chemical / substance that causes cancer.
Carcinogen
A _____ _____ is a potential or actual condition that can cause short or long term injury, illness, or death to personnel.
health threat
_____ _____ attack the nervous system by inhibiting acetylcholineterase (AChE). Symptoms include miosis, rhinorrhea, salivation, seizures, death.
Nerve Agents
_____ _____ destroy cell tissues and will have the following symptoms: skin/eye irritation, blisters.
Blister Agents
_____ _____ disrupt oxygen carrying capacity of blood. (They are known as cyanogens).
Blood Agents
_____ _____ attack the lung tissue and cause edema. Most known is PHOSGENE.
Pulmonary Agents
The most important and the route of entry of most concern for airborne chemicals is _____.
Inhalation
* closely associated with the circulatory system so contaminants are transported quickly into the blood stream.
What are the 5 routes of entry for chemicals into the body?
- Inhalation
- Absorption
- Contact
- Ingestion
- Injection
_____ results from contact with a chemical that penetrates skin into the blood stream.
Absorption
_____ results when a chemical contacts the skin and directly damaging the skin. The most common result is dermititis.
Contact
_____ is eating or drinking a chemical, usually accidentally, and can occur when personnel do not wash hands.
Ingestion
_____ occurs when the skin is punctured by an object or pressurized air and chemicals enter the body.
Injection
_____ _____ occur when two different chemicals affect the same target organ.
Additive Effect
2+2 = 4
_____ _____ occurs when two different chemicals have a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Synergistic Effect
2 + 2 = 20
_____ occurs when one chemical that does not have a specific toxicity increases the toxicity of another chemical.
Potentiation
_____ occurs when components have a combined effect that’s less than the sum of their individual effects.
Antagonism
4 + 6 = 8
The degree of chemical hazard risk depends on _____ and _____ _____.
Concentration and Exposure Time
_____ _____ is short term exposure which can result in mild to extreme effects.
Acute Exposure
_____ _____ is long term exposure which may result in chronic effects ( cancer, etc…).
Chronic Exposure
_____ _____ are the most effective hazard control method since it can control the source and be integrated into the design.
Engineering Controls
What are 3 types of engineering controls when dealing with chem hazards?
- Substitution - replace with less hazardous chem
- Minimization - scale down process
- Ventilation - remove or dilute
What are 4 examples of admin controls?
- Job rotation
- Ed and Training
- Preventative Maintenance
- Med Surveillance
When selecting clothing as PPE, what 4 factors must be considered?
- Permeation
- Penetration
- Degradation
- Breakthrough Time
A _____ _____ is established when the sampling results exceed the allowable limit.
Regulated Area
What are some substances that require regulated areas per 29 CFR 1101?
* Asbestos (1101)
* Cadmium (1027)
* Benzene (1028)
* Formaldehyde (1048)
* Methylene Chloride (1052)
The _____ _____ _____ are our primary source of information regarding chemicals.
Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
The _____-_____ is the base chemical inventory list custodian system.
ESOH-MIS
How do we identify CBRN Hazards?
* Interviews
* Research
* Historical Data
* Observations
* Agencies - OSI, FBI
How do we eliminate transfer of contaminants from one area to another?
* Housekeeping
* Personal Hygiene
* Change out of work clothes
What are three health effects of asbestos exposure?
- Asbestosis
- Lung Cancer
- Mesothelioma
_____ is non-cancer, irritates the lungs, causes scarring of lung tissue, and has no effective treatment.
Asbestosis
_____ _____ is caused by continued, chronic exposure and is the most common cause of death.
Lung Cancer
_____ is a rare form of cancer resulting from the inhalation of fibers and affects the lining of the lung.
Mesothelioma
_____ _____ _____ is defined as being greater than 1% by weight of asbestos.
Asbestos Containing Material
_____ _____ can be crushed by the hand and is the greatest threat/hazard because it can send the asbestos into the atmosphere.
Friable Asbestos
_____ _____ can only be particle size reduced by mechanical processes and therefore is a low risk if un-disturbed.
Non-Friable Asbestos
What are 3 asbestos abatement options?
- Removal
- Encapsulation
- Repair
_____ _____ _____ covers all industries except construction and shipyard work.
General Industry Standard
_____ _____ covers all construction industry under 29 CFR 1926.1101
Construction Standard
When must notifications for postive asbestos detections be provided?
* OSHA - ASAP
* Construction - 5 working days
* General Industry - 15 working days
_____ _____ must be established wherever airborne concentrations of asbestos are in excess of the TWA and/or excursion limit
Regulated Areas
What must asbestos warning signs display?
- Danger - Asbestos
- PPE requirements
- Cancer and Lung Disease Hazard
- Authorized Personnel Only
What are controls that are acceptable for asbestos work areas?
* Local Exhaust Systems - ANSI Z9.2-1979
* Use a wet method during work
* Respirators and protective clothing
* Must have means for showering/cleaning self
* Workplace specific training
* All controls must be in writing
Where are the highest Pb exposure levels?
Children - inhalation and ingestion
__ CFR Part ____ bans the use of lead containing paint. 0.06% to total weight of non-VOC paint.
16 CFR Part 1303