BEO 160829 LSO Flashcards
_____ _____ is ENERGY that is emitted, transferred, or received in the form of radiation; measured in JOULES (J)
Radiant Energy
_____ _____ is POWER that is emitted, transferred, or received in the form of radiation; measured in WATTS (W).
Radiant Power
The term LASER is an acronym standing for _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
LIGHT AMPLIFICATION by STIMULATED EMISSION of RADIATION
What are the primary components of a laser?
- Lasing Medium
- Pumping System
- Optical Cavity
The laser material must have a _____ _____ in which the atoms or molecules can be trapped after receiving energy from the pumping system.
Metastable Stable
What are the FOUR modes of operation of a laser?
- Continuous wave
- Single pulsed
- Q-Switched
- Mode Lock
What are the THREE laser beam characteristics?
- Monochromatic
- Coherent
- Collimated
What are the two key US Government agencies involved in the regulation of lasers?
FDA
OSHA
What is the industry standard document regarding lasers?
ANSI Z136.1
What is the most common solid state laser?
Nd:YAG
The most common beam hazards are _____ in nature and can result in damage to the eyes and skin.
Biological
The most common cause of laser induced TISSUE damage are _____.
Thermal
_____ _____ are potential hazards associated with compressed gases, cryogenic materials, toxic, and carcinogenic materials and noise should be considered.
Industrial Hygiene
_____ _____ with a wavelength of <300 nm, cause damage to the cornea by the same photochemical mechanism as bright sunlight.
Far UV
_____ _____ with a wavelength of >1400 nm, damage the cornea through thermal damage throughout all layers of the cornea.
Far IR
_____ _____ with wavelengths between 300 and 400 nm, are primarily absorbed in the lens, but also deposit energy.
Near UV
The ______ _____ _____ is the level of laser radiation to which a person may be exposed without hazardous effects or adverse biological changes in the eye or skin.
Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)
When entering data into LHAZ, for the pulse mode, which 3 sections must be filled out?
- Energy per pulse
- Pulse Width
- Pulse Repetition Frequency
Watts
Continuous
Joules
Pulse / Energy
What are two types of protection from lasers are used for the skin?
- “sun screen”
- Tightly woven fabrics
- Opaque gloves
The _____ _____ _____ involves the evaluation of laser hazards to determine the type and degree of risk associated with the identified threats at each work place.
Conceptual Site Model
_____ is the radiant power striking a surface.
Irradiance
_____ _____ is the measure of exposure over a specific area.
Radiant Exposure
_____ _____ is a type of ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION that exists in the infrared, visible, and UV portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Laser Radiation
A single pulse laser must be less than _____ seconds.
0.25
AFI ___ - ____ is the Laser Radiation Protection Program
48-139
What two laser classes require medical exams to establish baseline and monitoring?
3B and 4
The pulse laser is capable of creating acoustic shock waves through the skin causing rips/tears in the skin. This is known as _____ _____.
Photochemical Affect
The _____ determines the depth of penetration.
Wavelength
The _____ ______ ______ _____ is the distance from the laser where the energy of the laser beam falls to levels below the ocular MPE.
* It is a straight line measure
Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance
The _____ _____ _____ is the space within which the level of direct, reflected, or scattered radiation exceeds the applicable MPE during normal operation.
Nominal Hazard Zone
Specular
object reflects laser beam
Diffuse Reflection
energy hits “rough” material that spreads (diffuses) energy.
Laser Eye Protection should be _____ to prevent hazardous reflections and have side shields.
Curved
The _____ _____ determines how much laser passes through.
Optical Density
