Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SAFMEDS 2020 > BEHP 5020A Behavior Based Safety > Flashcards

BEHP 5020A Behavior Based Safety Flashcards

1
Q

The key problem in safety is …

A

a low rate of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Unsafe behavior is very unlikely to result in _______

A

injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unsafe behavior often contacts _________ _________

A

immediate reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A frontline-driven process of targeting particular safe behaviors, arranging peer observation, and providing feedback and reinforcement

A

Behavior based safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the key components of BBS:

  • targeting particular ______ _________
  • arranging _______ ___________
  • providing _________ and ___________
A
  • targeting particular safe behaviors
  • arranging peer observation
  • providing feedback and reinforcement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Traditional safety programs:

  • base awards on _______
  • use __________ ____________
  • make ________-based decisions
A
  • base awards on injuries
  • use antecedent manipulations
  • make results-based decisions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antecedent interventions may ________ behavior but will not maintain behavior without ____________

A

evoke, consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List 4 problems with using punishment to decrease unsafe behavior:

  • does not _______ anything
  • may evoke ____________
  • decreases ___________
  • discourages __________
A
  • does not teach anything
  • may evoke counter-control
  • decreases participation
  • discourages reporting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

An unbiased examination of current policies and procedures used to encourage safety in the organization

A

Safety assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the makeup of a design team:

  • 8-10 representative ____________
  • a ________ professional
  • m____________
  • e____________
A
  • 8-10 representative employees (assertive and interested)
  • a safety professional
  • management
  • engineering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The safety assessment involves:

  • reviewing ________ ________
  • discovering ______ and ______ _____ areas
  • forming _________ for interviews and observations
  • interviewing __________ and __________
  • observing any _________ ___________
  • observing employees in ______ ______ _______
A
  • reviewing existing data
  • discovering high and low risk areas
  • forming questions
  • interviewing employees and management
  • observing any safety meetings
  • observing employees in high-risk areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the typical steps in the safety assessment:

  • safety ________ ________
  • i_________
  • o________ practices
  • develop a _______
  • write a _________
A
  • safety records review
  • interviews
  • observe practices
  • develop a plan
  • write a report
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The safety assessment is presented to _______ ________

A

senior management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A good initial safety report:

  • outlines __________ for _________
  • clearly states a __________
  • is clear and _________
A
  • outlines opportunities for improvement
  • clearly states a solution
  • is clear and succinct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The steering committee is typically:

  • made up of ________ _________
  • responsible for the ongoing _________ and ________ of the safety process
A
  • made up of rotating members

- responsible for the ongoing evaluation and maintenance of the safety process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

During the initial meeting with management:

  • provide an _________
  • obtain _______
  • present results of ________ _________
  • present basic _______ approved by management
  • provide opportunities for __________
A
  • provide an overview
  • obtain input
  • present results of safety assessment
  • present basic process approved by management
  • provide opportunities for feedback
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The initial meeting with the design team will require _________

A

2-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the outline of the design team initial meeting:

  • safety __________
  • management and _______ meeting
  • m_______
  • o_________
  • feedback and __________
  • safety ________
  • management _______
  • training and ________
  • i___________
  • m__________
  • t___________
A
  • safety assessment
  • management and initial meeting
  • mission
  • observation
  • feedback and involvement
  • safety incentives
  • management update
  • training and kickoff
  • implementation
  • maintenance
  • troubleshooting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The purpose of the lower-level management meeting is to ________ __________ from management

A

develop support from management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A safety related mission statement should be created by the ________ team in conjunction with senior management.

A

design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the two parts of a safety mission statement:

  • _______ __________
  • _______ __________
A
  • broad abstractions (related to the culture)

- specific behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A safety mission statement is important because it provides the basis for __________ of new _________

A

evaluation of new procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Implementing a BBS process without a mission statement may result in _________

A

drifting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

List the steps for developing a safety mission statement:

  • _________ a list of positive and negative items related to safety
  • turn negative statements positive and then describe a ________
  • sort _________ into categories by ________
  • use the list in _________ the safety process
  • use the list to evaluate the quality of new _______ _______, and _________ __________
  • include the list as part of the _________ ________
A
  • brainstorm
  • pinpoint
  • pinpoints, values
  • designing
  • safety processes, individual performance
  • kickoff meeting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Values statements allow for:

  • evaluation of ________ _________
  • evaluation of _____ _________
  • providing rules for _______ _________
A
  • individual behavior
  • new procedures
  • staff interactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A formal ________ allows management to approve suggested implementation and stay involved

A

timeline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Observation, predominantly peer observation, is what will allow us to deliver _________ for safe behavior and prevent _______

A

consequences, extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

_________ is the cornerstone of the BBS process

A

Observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When participants conducted observations and delivered feedback on body positioning of employees, their safety behavior increased – this is termed the _______ _______

A

observer effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Examining the ______ _______ for roughly five years allows for an analysis of what _______ _______ may have prevented the accidents

A

injury records, behavioral targets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe how to develop the observation tool:

  • Group ________ into categories
  • ______ the categories from most to least contributors to injuries
  • List _______ within each category from most to least contributors to injuries
  • Get _______ _______ on ________
  • ________ all ________
  • ________ the checklist
A
  • pinpoints
  • order
  • targets
  • get staff input on targets
  • define all targets
  • refine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Make sure all pinpoints are defined such that employees can _______ their behavior

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Alvero and Austin (2004) found that conducting observations is …

A

beneficial to the observer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Explain how to calculate “percent safe”

A

Divide total safe by total safe + unsafe times 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

_____ _________ is voluntary but ________ is mandatory for everyone

A

Data collection, training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

List 3 potential targets for observations:

  • e________
  • t______
  • a______
A
  • employees
  • tasks
  • areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In general _______ should be delivered immediately after observations take place

A

feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Primarily observers will deliver reinforcement for what was done ________

A

correctly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Safety data should be reviewed at least _______

A

weekly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

______ team will set initial goals and ________ ________ will modify and update as needed

A

Design, steering committee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

List 3 types of safety awards:

  • ________ awards
  • ________ celebrations
  • ________ reinforcement
A
  • individual awards
  • group celebrations
  • unique reinforcement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Recognition is typically a part of _________ training

A

observer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

When using financial incentives:

  • put procedures in place to identify ______ ________ - base upon __________
  • measure behavior __________
A
  • false reporting
  • accomplishments
  • objectively
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Management should be presented with the entire program before implementation. This allows for:

  • final _______
  • final _______ approval
  • opportunity to ________ _________
  • opportunity to __________ Design Team
A
  • final input
  • final budget approval
  • publicly commit
  • reinforce
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Training staff in the BBS process will take …

A

a full day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

During training, emphasize that the goal is to measure behavior _________

A

objectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Pinpoints should be _______ and __________

A

clear and observable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The purpose of the kickoff meeting is to:

  • inform all staff about the ______
  • and when ________ will begin
A

process, observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The kickoff meeting should be led by the _______ ________

A

steering committee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The kickoff meeting should be planned by the ________ _________

A

Design team

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Implementation is primarily the responsibility of the ________ __________

A

steering committee

52
Q

Steering committee members should be trained to:

  • ________ data
  • ________ data
  • develop ________ to overcome problems
A
  • analyze
  • interpret
  • programs
53
Q

List 7 duties of the steering committee:

  • finish any _________
  • start ____________
  • monitoring of _______ stages
  • create new _______
  • close call / injury ________
  • ________ to plan as necessary
  • ________ to management
A
  • finish any trainings
  • start observations
  • monitoring of initial stages
  • create new programs
  • close call/injury analysis
  • revisions to plan as necessary
  • report to management
54
Q

Effective steering committees have ___________ responsibilities

A

delegated

55
Q

The primary role of management in the BBS process is to …

A

show employees they support the process

56
Q

Maintenance of the BBS process is handled by the ______ ________ and _____________

A

steering committee, management

57
Q

Steering committee members should do the following daily:

  • _______ correct behavior
  • _______ staff
  • _______ about the safety process
A

model, reinforce, talk

58
Q

Safety meetings to review data should be held ______ with a formal meeting _______

A

weekly, once a month

59
Q

List 3 common problems in the BBS process:

  • _________ employees
  • data are ________ ________
  • _________ observations
A
  • negative employees
  • data are trending downward
  • insufficient observations
60
Q

List 4 strategies for dealing with negative employees:

  • discuss __________
  • increase _________
  • get them __________
  • ____________
A
  • discuss issues to ameliorate problems
  • increase reinforcement
  • get them involved
  • reassignment
61
Q

List 4 strategies for fixing downward data trends:

  • examine _________
  • examine _________ interactions
  • increase/decrease ________ presence
  • change target _________
A
  • examine reinforcement
  • examine observer interactions
  • management presence
  • change target programs
62
Q

Safe behavior does not often lead to injury, so we are delivering __________ for safe behavior by _______ -_________

A

consequences, direct observation

63
Q

List steps in the process for creating improvement projects:

  • identify practices that are less than _____ safe
  • ______ a practice to improve
  • make sure the ________ and _________ are not contributing to the unsafe practice
  • suggest ______ to fix the problem
A
  • 100%
  • select
  • equipment and processes
  • plans
64
Q

Improvement plans may be implemented to:

  • increase ________ behavior
  • keep the ______ process going
A

insufficient, safety

65
Q

List 4 examples of improvement projects to keep the process going:

  • safety ________
  • _______ contest
  • project ________
  • public _________
A
  • safety suggestion
  • naming contest
  • project slogans
  • public commitment
66
Q

For lone workers, __________ may be used in place of peer observation

A

self-observation

67
Q

For lone workers doing self-observation, a _______ _______ signals collection at _______ times and employees stop and collect data on their _______ _______

A

process owner
random
current performance

68
Q

For lone workers, the process owner is responsible for:

  • collecting ______
  • _______ collection times
  • _______ data
  • delivering _______
A
  • collecting data
  • signaling collection times
  • graphing data
  • delivering reinforcement
69
Q

Olson and Austin’s study of self-observation in bus drivers found a ________ improvement in safe behavior

A

moderate

70
Q

Self-observation should be signaled _________

A

randomly

71
Q

Self-observation may also be useful for populations that are strongly opposed to _____ _________

A

peer observation

72
Q

List components of an effective safety process:

  • __________ observation and feedback
  • formal review of _______
  • _________ goals
  • _________ for improvement
A
  • behavioral
  • observation data
  • improvement
  • reinforcement
73
Q

Behavioral safety is based on the behavioral processes discovered by ________

A

Skinner

74
Q

Behavioral psychology focuses on the __________ and _________ of behavior

A

observation and measurement

75
Q

The father of behavioral safety was _________

A

H.W. Heinrich

76
Q

H.W. Heinrich found that the overwhelming majority of workplace injuries are the result of _______ _______ by workers

A

unsafe actions

77
Q

Safety engineering involves:

  • elimination of ________
  • _________ of equipment that malfunctions
  • engineering _______
A
  • elimination of hazards
  • replacement of equipment that malfunctions
  • engineering controls
78
Q

The Behavioral Safety process involves:

  • safety __________
  • o________ _________
  • e__________
  • l__________ behavior
  • w_________ behavior
A
  • safety engineering
  • occupational therapy
  • ergonomics
  • leadership behavior
  • worker behavior
79
Q

When implementing Behavioral Safety, you can expect a reduction in injuries in the area of _____ % in the first year and _____% in the first 5 years

A

26% and 69%

80
Q

List examples of safety data that businesses find important:

  • _______ __________
  • p_________ _______
  • n_____ _______ _______
  • w_______ ________ with safety process
A
  • OSHA recordables
  • production rates
  • near miss reports
  • worker satisfaction with safety
81
Q

A meta-analysis by Krause, Seymour, and Sloat (1999) found that on average OSHA recordables decreased by _____ in the first year and ______ over 5 years

A

26%, 69%

82
Q

List critical variables for the maintenance of the safety process:

  • involvement of internal staff in ________
  • ________ of internal staff in carrying out some ________ of the intervention
  • internal system of _______ __________
  • internal system for dispensing _________
A
  • design
  • training, component
  • data collection
  • consequences
83
Q

The purpose of Sigurdsson and Austin’s meta-analysis (2006) was to create a _________ of __________ ________

A

taxonomy of maintenance variables

84
Q

Which variable was included in most studies analyzed by Sigurdsson and Austin (2006)?

A

involvement of internal staff in design

85
Q

The individuals best suited to track the number of items fixed/engineered, and provide regular reporting of safety feedback are:

A

middle managers

86
Q

The case study of a food services setting by Lebbon, Sigurrdson and Austin (2002) analyzed injury data based on:

  • c_______
  • b______ ______
  • j_____ _____
A
  • cause
  • body part
  • job title
87
Q

The 8 safety targets addressed in the study by Lebbon, Sigurrdson and Austin (2002) were:

  • ______ hazards
  • ______ hazards
  • work __________
  • c______
  • p_______ _________ ________
  • b______
  • work with _________
  • ______ safety
A
  • slip hazards
  • trip hazards
  • work surroundings
  • cuts
  • personal protective equipment
  • burns
  • work with machines
  • back safety
88
Q

In the case study by Lebbon, Sigurrdson and Austin (2002) in a food services setting, the 5 steps of an observation were:

  • ________ observation
  • observe _________
  • observe _________
  • show _________ to person observed and give ________
  • discuss performance and ________ ________ to safety
A
  • general observation
  • observe conditions
  • observe behaviors
  • show checklist to person observed and give feedback
  • discuss performance and systems barriers to safety
89
Q

To resolve a low level of executive commitment, ask them to make 2-3 _____ _______ fixes early in the process

A

“big ticket”

90
Q

To resolve a low level of commitment from supervisors, make sure the ________ level is tracking supervisor behavior

A

executive

91
Q

To resolve insufficient numbers of observations:

  • ensure sufficient _______
  • ensure observations are not ___________
  • ensure observations are ______________
  • provide __________
A
  • time
  • punished
  • anonymous
  • incentives
92
Q

“Pencil whipping” refers to the problem of ______ ________

A

fake observations

93
Q

To resolve the problem of “pencil whipping”:

  • provide ______ and ________ for observations
  • check if ________ are being addressed
  • check if _______ are posted regularly
  • _______ or ________ the checklist
A
  • time and incentives
  • comments
  • data
  • simplify or revamp
94
Q

To resolve the problem of poor feedback skills:

  • _______ feedback skills
  • emphasize ________ ____ _________ as a core management skill
  • provide ___________ to hand out
A
  • coach
  • openness to feedback
  • reinforcers
95
Q

To resolve the problem of ineffective safety meetings:

  • check if the committee is receiving _______ ______
  • check the _______ of observations
  • check if committee suggestions are being _______
  • resolve poor _________ __________
A
  • observation data
  • quality
  • ignored
  • meeting management
96
Q

A tool to show progress and environmental fixes by publicly displaying process milestones

A

Scoreboard

97
Q

A tool for tracking and ensuring process related behaviors from managers/workers

A

Accountability worksheet

98
Q

A tool for ensuring accuracy

A

Partner observations

99
Q

The acronym SLAM stands for …

A

Stop - Look - Analyze - Mitigate

100
Q

A “short-shot” (unannounced) observation is useful because it _______ _______

A

saves time

101
Q

List measurement techniques used in traffic safety:

  • a__________ measurement
  • e__________ product
  • real-time __________
A
  • automated measurement
  • enduring product
  • real-time observation
102
Q

List several examples of automated measurement in traffic safety:

  • inboard ______
  • traffic ________
  • data _________
  • c________
  • e_____ ________
A
  • inboard GPS
  • traffic analyzer
  • data loggers
  • cameras
  • eye tracking
103
Q

List measurement tools for real-time observation in traffic safety:

  • discrete __________ or __________
  • ________ sampling
  • ________ recording
  • ________ measures
A
  • discrete categorization or checklists
  • interval sampling
  • frequency recording
  • duration measures
104
Q

List treatment strategies for traffic safety:

  • p_________
  • f_________ systems
  • increasing or reducing _________
  • increasing or reducing ______ ______
  • i_________ systems
A
  • prompting
  • feedback systems
  • increasing or reducing effort
  • increasing or reducing wait time
  • incentive systems
105
Q

Most pedestrian crashes happen at _______ and in _______

A

at night and in cities

106
Q

Two frequent causes of pedestrian crashes are ________ and _________ to ________

A

screening, failure to scan

107
Q

Making a _______ turn is more dangerous in terms of pedestrian crashes

A

left

108
Q

When using a crosswalk, it is safest to cross _______

A

counter-clockwise

109
Q

List examples of traffic signals:

  • advanced or offset ______ ______
  • ________ pedestrian phase
  • ______ ________ issues
  • buttons that _________
  • _________ signals
  • signs that _______ drivers
A
  • advanced or offset stop bars
  • leading pedestrian phase
  • hot button issues
  • buttons that confirm the press
  • countdown signals
  • signs that prompt drivers
110
Q

List “hot button” factors that contribute to pedestrian safety:

  • vehicle _______
  • ______ size
  • _________ length
  • number of _______
  • _________ that need to be watched
  • presence of a ________ ________
  • factors related to _________
  • ________ behavior available
A
  • vehicle speed
  • gap size
  • crosswalk length
  • number of lanes
  • directions that need to be watched
  • presence of a median island
  • factors related to comfort
  • concurrent bx available when waiting
111
Q

The presence of a median island reduces pedestrian crashes by _____

A

40%

112
Q

A study of the relationship between crossing violations and minimum green time found that 100% of pedestrians waited at ________ but only a little over 60% waited at __________

A

30 seconds, 2 minutes

113
Q

Signs, markings and signals for pedestrian safety may function as ________. They should provide _________ and _________ whenever possible

A

prompts

feedback and consequences

114
Q

List strategies to reduce screening crashes in traffic safety:

  • advanced ______ ______ and ______ _______
  • rectangular rapid ________ ________
  • in-street _______
A
  • advanced stop lines and yield markings
  • rectangular rapid flashing beacons
  • in-street signs
115
Q

Research on in-street signs in a _________ arrangement to decrease screening crashes found that they were at least as effective as ________

A

gateway, beacons

116
Q

A good traffic safety treatment package is ___________, _______ -_________, and ties components together to create a __________ effect

A

multi-faceted
cost-efficient
synergistic

117
Q

High-visibility enforcement is critical to __________ behavior

A

rule-governed

118
Q

High-visibility ___________ is critical to rule-governed behavior

A

enforcement

119
Q

List 7 components in a traffic safety treatment package:

  • w_______ _______
  • c_________
  • p_______ ________
  • p_______ postings
  • e_______ _______
  • i___ _______ _______
  • paid _______ _______
A
  • warning phase
  • citations
  • parent outreach
  • public postings
  • earned media
  • in-street signs
  • paid radio ads
120
Q

Describe traffic safety enforcement components:

  • begin with warnings to _____ ______
  • utilize ______ ______ pedestrians
  • hand out _______ to stopped drivers
  • use a ________ _______ downstream of the enforcement site to raise awareness of the targeted behavior
  • ______ ________ between many sites
  • use _________ _________ that will hold up in court
A
  • begin with warnings to win support
  • utilize police decoy pedestrians
  • hand out flyers to stopped drivers
  • use a sandwich board downstream
  • rapid rotation
  • use standardized procedures
121
Q

Educational components of a traffic safety treatment package include:

  • p_______ _________
  • a flyer on teaching _________ _________
  • ________ _______ posted on busy streets
A
  • parent notice
  • crosswalk safety
  • feedback signs
122
Q

The traffic safety treatment package described utilized 3 engineering components:

  • no ________ from the dilemma zone to the crosswalk
  • advanced _______ ________
  • in-street _______
A
  • no passing
  • advanced yield markings
  • in-street signs
123
Q

Two effective interventions for increasing seatbelt use are ________ _________ and increasing ______ _______

A

feedback signs

increasing pedal force

124
Q

Four effective interventions for reducing speeding are:

  • ________ signs
  • ________ program
  • b________
  • i________
A
  • feedback signs
  • warning program
  • beacons
  • incentives
125
Q

A study using incentives (loss of possible monetary reward) to reduce speeding was able to virtually eliminate speeding in …

A

all speed zones

126
Q

Behavior Based Safety is an application of ______

A

OBM

SAFMEDS 2020 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions