BEH 5023 Flashcards

1
Q

Concurrent ratio schedules result in ________

A

exclusive responding for the option with the highest payoff (lowest ratio requirement)

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2
Q

Concurrent fixed interval schedules result in ________

A

most responding on the shorter FI schedule with occasional responses on the longer FI schedule

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3
Q

Concurrent variable interval schedules results in _______

A

responding sensitive to the rate of reinforcement on each schedule

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4
Q

On concurrent ____ schedules, the changeover response is often reinforced, generating 50/50 responding (concurrent superstition)

A

VI VI

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5
Q

Generally, bx change is more effective when ____ schedules are used

A

VI

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6
Q

A stimulus or event that has the effect of increasing or maintaining the rate of the response based on a conditioning history

A

conditioned reinforcer

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7
Q

A biologically relevant stimulus or event that has a reinforcing effect without any conditioning history

A

unconditioned reinforcer

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8
Q

Two or more simple schedules, each of which is presented sequentially and is signaled by an arbitrary stimulus. Only the final response in the chain produces an unconditioned reinforcer.

A

Chain schedule

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9
Q

Two or more simple schedules presented sequentially without unique Sds and ending with unconditioned reinforcement of the response

A

tandem schedule

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10
Q

State the difference between mixed and tandem schedules

A

Tandem - SR+ presented at the end of the sequence

Mixed - SR+ is presented after each component of the schedule is completed

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11
Q

List 3 determinants of conditioned reinforcement:

  • F___________
  • V___________
  • D__________
A
  • frequency of primary reinforcement
  • variability of primary reinforcement
  • delay to primary reinforcement
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12
Q

Two or more chain schedules presented simultaneously

A

Concurrent chains schedule

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13
Q

A special type of stimulus control where the Sd is a bx of an individual and the target response is topographically similar to the Sd

A

Correspondence relations

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14
Q

An imitative response that occurs some time after the model has been removed

A

Delayed imitation

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15
Q

Operant principles of discrimination and generalization can produce a stimulus class of modeled actions and a response class of imitative actions

A

generalized imitation

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16
Q

Learning that imitation is reinforced in some contexts (when the model was rewarded), but not in others (when the model was punished)

A

Differential imitation

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17
Q

Verbal responses that describe the operating contingencies of reinforcement such as rules, instructions, advice, and laws

A

contingency-specifying stimuli

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18
Q

When a listener’s (reader’s) performance is regulated by contingency-specifying stimuli

A

rule-governed bx

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19
Q

An operant that precedes some other response (such as setting an alarm)

A

precurrent bx

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20
Q

A major function of precurrent bx is the _________ ______ _________

A

construction of Sds

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21
Q

Contingency-shaped behavior is controlled by _______ ________ rather than _______ _______

A

operating contingencies, verbal rules

22
Q

Rules are a type of ______, so the controlling reinforcers are ______ _______ with rule following

A

Sd, past experience

23
Q

Stimuli/events that alter the function of other stimuli and, thereby, the strength of relations among these stimuli and behavior

A

Function-altering events

24
Q

Instructions can be ______ _______ events by establishing Sds and increasing the probability of certain responses

A

function-altering

25
Q

Two verbal stimuli exert stimulus control over a common verbal topography

A

Joint control

26
Q

The performance of a speaker and the environmental conditions that establish and maintain such performance

A

verbal behavior

27
Q

Verbal behavior - The performance of a ________ and the _________ _________ that establish and maintain such performance

A

speaker, environmental conditions

28
Q

Verbal behavior is concerned with the _______ of words

A

function

29
Q

_________ evolution, not ________ evolution, accounts for changes in verbal behavior

A

cultural, biological

30
Q

Linguists describe language in terms of ______, ______, and _______

A

vocabulary, syntax, meaning

31
Q

Within- and between-species cooperation came _______ the development of the vocal tract

A

before

32
Q

Verbal bx _______ on the listener, reader, or observer, who ________ arranges for reinforcement of the verbal performance in a particular setting

A

operates, indirectly

33
Q

The consequences of verbal bx are ________ by the actions of others

A

mediated

34
Q

The customary ways that a group of people reinforce the bx of a speaker

A

verbal community

35
Q

Verbal bx is established and maintained by the _______ ________ of the community and these practices change based on ______ _______

A

reinforcing practices, cultural evolution

36
Q

The verbal community reinforces us when our bx _______ with other aspects of the environment

A

corresponds

37
Q

Linguists say we ______ and ______ meaning with syntax and semantics

A

encode, decode

38
Q

Saying “I worked really hard” to explain an exemplary performance, but “The audience was tough” to explain a poor performance

A

self-serving bias

39
Q

A class of verbal operants whose form is regulated by EOs

A

manding

40
Q

A class of verbal operants whose form is regulated by nonverbal Sds and maintained by generalized conditioned reinforcement

A

tacting

41
Q

The idea that the development and maintenance of two or more operant classes are unrelated

A

functional independence

42
Q

Whenever an event or stimulus is required to complete a bx chain, withholding the event will establish it as a reinforcer for operant bx

A

blocked-response CEO

43
Q

Lamarre and _______ (1985) demonstrated functional independence of tacting and manding

A

Holland (“on the left/right”)

44
Q

A class of verbal operants regulated by verbal discriminative stimuli

A

intraverbal

45
Q

Occurs when there is (1) point-to-point correspondence between the stimulus and response and (2) when the response is in the same modality as the stimulus (formal similarity)

A

echoic bx

46
Q

A class of verbal operants regulated by verbal stimuli where there is correspondence between the stimulus and response, but no formal similarity

A

textual

47
Q

A form of verbal bx that modifies the consequence produced by other verbal responses

A

autoclitic relations

48
Q

List 5 classes of autoclitic relations:

  • d_________
  • q_________
  • q_________
  • m_________
  • r__________
A

Descriptive – describe emotions and circumstances (I doubt, I’m sorry to say, I’m happy to announce)
Qualifying – provide evaluative dimensions (He is like a bear, but cuddly, not mean)
Quantifying – provide quantitative dimensions (all dogs are amazing)
Manipulative – direct the listener to arrange or relate their reactions to the verbal response in a particular way. They may be viewed as a type of autoclitic mand.
Relational – provides relationship variables ( the ones above a 5 are good, the rest are not)

49
Q

Petersdottir (2005) used 4 step assembly tasks to test functional independence of mands and tacts and found…

A

after mand training, all children emitted tact responses

50
Q

Hall & Sundberg (1987) used the ________ to teach manding by deaf subjects

A

blocked response CEO - taught chains and then removed a needed item

51
Q

Savage-Rumbaugh (1984) studied manding and tacting in _______

A

chimps