Behavioural Development

Question 1

What is respondent behaviour

Answer 1

Involuntary behaviour that is automatically elicited by certain behaviour. A stimulus elicits a response

Question 2

What is operant behaviour

Answer 2

Voluntary behaviour (walking, talking) that is controlled by its consequences in the environment

Question 3

What is respondent or classical conditioning

Answer 3

(Pavlov)
Learning occurs as a result of pairing previously neutral (conditioned)stimulus so that the conditioned stimulus eventually elicits the response normally elicited by the unconditioned stimulus

Question 4

What is operant conditioning

Answer 4

(BF Skinner)
Antecedent events or stimuli precede behaviours, which, in turn, are followed by consequences. Consequences that increase the occurrence of the behaviour are referred to as reinforcing consequences; consequences that decrease the occurrence of the behaviour are referred to as punishing consequences.
Reinforcement aims to increase behaviour frequency, whereas punishment aims to decrease it.

Question 5

What are 4 operant techniques

Answer 5

1) positive reinforcement
2) negative reinforcement
3) positive punishment
4) negative punishment

Question 6

What is positive reinforcement

Answer 6

Increases probability that behaviour will occur

Praising, giving tokens, rewarding positive behaviour

Question 7

What is negative reinforcement

Answer 7

Behaviour increases because negative (aversive) stimulus is removed (ie. remove shock)

Question 8

What is positive punishment

Answer 8

Presentation of undesirable stimulus following a behaviour for the purpose of decreasing or eliminating that behaviour (ie. hitting, shocking)

Question 9

What is negative punishment

Answer 9

Removal of a desirable stimulus following a behaviour for the purpose of decreasing or eliminating that behaviour (ie. removal something positive, such as a token or a dessert)

Question 10

What is aversion therapy

Answer 10

Any treatment aimed at reducing the attractiveness of a stimulus or a behaviour by repeated pairing of it with an aversive stimulus (eg. Antabuse)

Question 11

What is biofeedback

Answer 11

Behaviour training program that teaches a person how to control certain functions such s heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, and muscular tension
Often used for ADHD and anxiety disorders

Question 12

What is extinction

Answer 12

Withholding a reinforcer that normally follows a behaviour.

Behaviour that fails to produce reinforcement will eventually cease

Question 13

What is flooding

Answer 13

A treatment procedure in which a clients anxiety is extinguished by prolonged real or imagined exposure to high intensity feared stimuli

Question 14

What is in vivo desensitization

Answer 14

Pairing and movement through a hierarchy of anxiety, for least to most anxiety provoking situations.
Takes place in real setting

Question 15

What is modeling

Answer 15

Method of instruction that involves an individual (the model) demonstrating the behaviour to be acquired by the client

Question 16

What is rational emotive therapy

Answer 16

A cognitively oriented therapy in which a social worker seeks to change a clients irrational beliefs by argument, persuasion, and rational re-evaluation and by teaching a client to counter self-defeating thinking with new, non distressing self statements

Question 17

What is shaping

Answer 17

Method used to train new behaviour by prompting and reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behaviour

Question 18

What is systematic desensitization

Answer 18

An anxiety inhibiting response can not occur at the same time as the anxiety response. Anxiety producing stimulus is paired with relaxation producing response

Question 19

What is time-out

Answer 19

Removal of something desirable

Negative punishment technique

Question 20

What is a token economy

Answer 20

A client receives tokens as reinforcement for performing specified behaviours. The tokens function as currency with environment and can be exchanged for desired goods, services, or privileges.

Question 21

What is behaviourist theory

Answer 21

Pavlov, skinner
Learning is viewed through change in behaviour and the stimuli in the external environment are the locus of learning,
Social workers aim to changto the external environment in order to bring about desired change

Question 22

What is cognitive theory

Answer 22

Piaget
Learning is viewed through internal mental processes and locus of learning is internal cognitive structures,
SW aim to develop opportunities to foster capacity and skills to improve learning

Question 23

What is humanistic theory

Answer 23

Maslow
Learning is viewed as a persons activities aimed at reaching their full potential
Locus of learning is in meeting cognitive and other needs
SW’s aim to develop the whole person

Question 24

What is social/situational learning theory

Answer 24

Bandura
Learning is obtained between peop and their environment and their interactions and observations in social contexts
SW’s establish opportunities for conversation and participation to occur