Behavioral Sciences Chapter 9: Social Interaction Flashcards

1
Q

Status

A

A position in society used to classify individuals

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2
Q

Ascribed status

A

involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, etc.

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3
Q

Achieved status

A

voluntarily earned by an individual

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4
Q

Master status

A

status by which an individual is primarily identified

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5
Q

Role

A

a set of beliefs, values and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social situation.

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6
Q

Role performance

A

carrying out the behaviors of a given role

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7
Q

Role partner

A

another individual who helps define a specific role within the relationship

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8
Q

Role set

A

contains all of the different roles associated with a status

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9
Q

Role conflict

A

occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously

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10
Q

Groups

A

Make up of two or more individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unity

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11
Q

Peer group

A

is a self-selected group formed around similar interests, ages and statuses

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12
Q

Family group

A

group into which an individual is born, adopted or married

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13
Q

In-group

A

one with which an individual identifies

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14
Q

Out-group

A

one with which an individual competes or opposes.

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15
Q

Reference group

A

group to which an individual compares him- or herself

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16
Q

Primary groups

A

those that contain strong, emotional bonds

17
Q

Secondary groups

A

often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall.

18
Q

Gemeinschaft (community)

A

group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs ancestry or geography

19
Q

Gesellschaft (society)

A

a group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal.

20
Q

Groupthink

A

occurs when members begin to conform to one another’s views and ignore outside perspectives

21
Q

Network

A

observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups

22
Q

Organizations

A

bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals. They exist outside of each individual’s membership within the organization

23
Q

What are two models for expressing emotion in social situations?

A

basic and social construction

24
Q

What is the basic model?

A

states that there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions, which can be understood across cultures.

25
Social construction model
states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions
26
Display rules
unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion
27
Cultural syndrome
Shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography
28
Impression management
refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through: - Self-disclosure - Managing appearance - Ingratiation - Aligning actions - Alter-casting
29
Self-disclosure
sharing factual information
30
Managing appearances
refers to using props, appearance, emotional expression or associations to create a positive image
31
Ingratiation
using flattery or conformity to win over someone else
32
Aligning actions
use of excuses to account for questionable behavior.
33
Alter-casting
imposing an identity onto another person
34
dramaturgical approach
says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in from of an audience
35
The front stage
when the individual is seen by the audience and is free to act outside of his desired image.
36
The back stage
where the individual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image.
37
Verbal communication
Conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions and gestures.
38
Animal communication
takes place not only between nonhuman animals, but between humans and other animals as well. Animals use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalizations to communicate.