Behavioral Sciences Chapter 9: Social Interaction Flashcards
Status
A position in society used to classify individuals
Ascribed status
involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, etc.
Achieved status
voluntarily earned by an individual
Master status
status by which an individual is primarily identified
Role
a set of beliefs, values and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social situation.
Role performance
carrying out the behaviors of a given role
Role partner
another individual who helps define a specific role within the relationship
Role set
contains all of the different roles associated with a status
Role conflict
occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously
Groups
Make up of two or more individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unity
Peer group
is a self-selected group formed around similar interests, ages and statuses
Family group
group into which an individual is born, adopted or married
In-group
one with which an individual identifies
Out-group
one with which an individual competes or opposes.
Reference group
group to which an individual compares him- or herself
Primary groups
those that contain strong, emotional bonds
Secondary groups
often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall.
Gemeinschaft (community)
group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs ancestry or geography
Gesellschaft (society)
a group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal.
Groupthink
occurs when members begin to conform to one another’s views and ignore outside perspectives
Network
observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups
Organizations
bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals. They exist outside of each individual’s membership within the organization
What are two models for expressing emotion in social situations?
basic and social construction
What is the basic model?
states that there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions, which can be understood across cultures.
Social construction model
states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions
Display rules
unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion
Cultural syndrome
Shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography
Impression management
refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through:
- Self-disclosure
- Managing appearance
- Ingratiation
- Aligning actions
- Alter-casting
Self-disclosure
sharing factual information
Managing appearances
refers to using props, appearance, emotional expression or associations to create a positive image
Ingratiation
using flattery or conformity to win over someone else
Aligning actions
use of excuses to account for questionable behavior.
Alter-casting
imposing an identity onto another person
dramaturgical approach
says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in from of an audience
The front stage
when the individual is seen by the audience and is free to act outside of his desired image.
The back stage
where the individual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image.
Verbal communication
Conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions and gestures.
Animal communication
takes place not only between nonhuman animals, but between humans and other animals as well. Animals use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalizations to communicate.
