Behavioral Sciences Chapter 9: Social Interaction

Question 1

Status

Answer 1

A position in society used to classify individuals

Question 2

Ascribed status

Answer 2

involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, etc.

Question 3

Achieved status

Answer 3

voluntarily earned by an individual

Question 4

Master status

Answer 4

status by which an individual is primarily identified

Question 5

Role

Answer 5

a set of beliefs, values and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social situation.

Question 6

Role performance

Answer 6

carrying out the behaviors of a given role

Question 7

Role partner

Answer 7

another individual who helps define a specific role within the relationship

Question 8

Role set

Answer 8

contains all of the different roles associated with a status

Question 9

Role conflict

Answer 9

occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously

Question 10

Groups

Answer 10

Make up of two or more individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unity

Question 11

Peer group

Answer 11

is a self-selected group formed around similar interests, ages and statuses

Question 12

Family group

Answer 12

group into which an individual is born, adopted or married

Question 13

In-group

Answer 13

one with which an individual identifies

Question 14

Out-group

Answer 14

one with which an individual competes or opposes.

Question 15

Reference group

Answer 15

group to which an individual compares him- or herself

Question 16

Primary groups

Answer 16

those that contain strong, emotional bonds

Question 17

Secondary groups

Answer 17

often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall.

Question 18

Gemeinschaft (community)

Answer 18

group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs ancestry or geography

Question 19

Gesellschaft (society)

Answer 19

a group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal.

Question 20

Groupthink

Answer 20

occurs when members begin to conform to one another’s views and ignore outside perspectives

Question 21

Network

Answer 21

observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups

Question 22

Organizations

Answer 22

bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals. They exist outside of each individual’s membership within the organization

Question 23

What are two models for expressing emotion in social situations?

Answer 23

basic and social construction

Question 24

What is the basic model?

Answer 24

states that there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions, which can be understood across cultures.

Question 25

Social construction model

Answer 25

states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions

Question 26

Display rules

Answer 26

unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion

Question 27

Cultural syndrome

Answer 27

Shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography

Question 28

Impression management

Answer 28

refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through:

• Self-disclosure
• Managing appearance
• Ingratiation
• Aligning actions
• Alter-casting

Question 29

Self-disclosure

Answer 29

sharing factual information

Question 30

Managing appearances

Answer 30

refers to using props, appearance, emotional expression or associations to create a positive image

Question 31

Ingratiation

Answer 31

using flattery or conformity to win over someone else

Question 32

Aligning actions

Answer 32

use of excuses to account for questionable behavior.

Question 33

Alter-casting

Answer 33

imposing an identity onto another person

Question 34

dramaturgical approach

Answer 34

says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in from of an audience

Question 35

The front stage

Answer 35

when the individual is seen by the audience and is free to act outside of his desired image.

Question 36

The back stage

Answer 36

where the individual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image.

Question 37

Verbal communication

Answer 37

Conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions and gestures.

Question 38

Animal communication

Answer 38

takes place not only between nonhuman animals, but between humans and other animals as well. Animals use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalizations to communicate.