Behavioral Sciences Chapter 12: Social Stratification Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Ascribed status

A

involuntary and derives from clearly identifiable characteristics, such as age, gender and skin color.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Achieved status

A

acquired through direct individual efforts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Social class

A

category of people with shared socioeconomic characteristics. The three main social classes are upper, middle and lower class. These groups also have similar lifestyles, job opportunities, attitudes and behaviors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Power

A

the capacity to influence people through real or perceived rewards and punishments. It often depends on the unequal distribution of valued resources. Power differentials create social inequity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anomie

A

state of normlessness. Anomic conditions erode social solidarity by means of excessive individualism, social inequity and isolation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

social capital

A

the investment people make in their society in return for economic or collective rewards. Social networks, either situational or positional, are one of the most powerful forms of social capital and can be achieved through establishing strong and weak social ties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Meritocracy

A

refers to a society in which advancement up the social ladder is based on intellectual talent and achievement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Social mobility

A

allows one to acquire higher-level employment opportunities by achieving required credentials and experience. Social mobility can either occur in a positive upward direction or negative downward direction depending on if one is promoted or demoted in status.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Poverty

A

a socioeconomic condition - in the US, the poverty line is determined by the government’s calculation of the minimum income requirements for families to acquire minimum necessities of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Social reproduction

A

refers to the passing on of social inequality, especially poverty, from one generation to the next.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Absolute poverty

A

when people do not have enough resources to acquire basic life necessities, such as shelter, food clothing and water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Relative poverty

A

when one is poor in comparison to a larger population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Social exclusion

A

a feeling of powerlessness when individuals feel alienated from society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spacial inequality

A

a form of social stratification across territories and their populations and can occur along residential, environmental and global lines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Urban or rural?

  • More diverse economic opp
  • More ability for social mobility
  • More low-income racial and ethnic minority neighborhoods
A

Urban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Environmental injustice

A

refers to an uneven distribution of environmental hazards in communities. Lower-income neighborhoods may lack the social and political power to prevent the placement of environmental hazards in their neighborhoods.

17
Q

Globalization has lead to…

A

further inequalities in space, food and water, energy, housing and education as the production of goods shifts to cheaper and cheaper labor markets. This has led to significant economic hardship in industrializing nations.

18
Q

Incidence

A

Calculated as the number of new cases of a disease per population at risk in a given period of time: for example, new cases per 1,000 at-risk people per year.

19
Q

Prevalence

A

is calculated as the number of cases of a disease per population in a given period of time: for example, cases per 1,000 people per year.

20
Q

Morbidity

A

the burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease.

21
Q

Mortality

A

Refers to deaths caused by a given disease

22
Q

Second sickness

A

refers to an exacerbation of health outcomes caused by social injustice

23
Q

Poverty and health

A

associated with worse health outcomes, including decreased life expectancy, higher rates of life-shortening diseases, higher rates of suicide and homicide and higher infant mortality rates.

24
Q

Who has the best, middle and worst health profiles (race)?

A

Best: Asian-Americans and Pacific islanders
Middle: White, native & hispanic Americans
Worst: African Americans

25
Q

Females have higher

A

life expectancy
accessing and utilizing health resources
chronic disease
morbidity rates

lower rates of life-threatening diseases