Behavioral Sciences Chapter 8: Social Processes, Attitudes and Behavior

Question 1

Social facilitation

Answer 1

the tendency of people to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around.

Question 2

Deindividuation

Answer 2

loss of self-awareness in large groups, which can lead to drastic changes in behavior

Question 3

Bystander effect

Answer 3

the observation that when in a group, individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need.

Question 4

Peer pressure

Answer 4

social influence placed on individuals by others they consider equals.

Question 5

Group polarization

Answer 5

The tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more extreme then the thought of the individual group members.

Question 6

Groupthink

Answer 6

The tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas and solutions that arise within the group.

Question 7

Culture

Answer 7

The beliefs, ideas, behaviors, actions and characteristics of a group or society of people

Question 8

Assimilation

Answer 8

The process by which a group or individual’s culture begins to melt into another culture

Question 9

Multiculturalism

Answer 9

the encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity

Question 10

Subcultures

Answer 10

a group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong.

Question 11

Socialization

Answer 11

process of developing and spreading norms, customs and beliefs

Question 12

Norms

Answer 12

what determine the boundaries of acceptable behavior within society.

Question 13

Agents of socialization

Answer 13

family, peers, schoo, religious affiliation & other groups that promote socialization.

Question 14

Stigma

Answer 14

The extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

Question 15

Deviance

Answer 15

Any violation of norms, rules or expectations within a society

Question 16

Compliance

Answer 16

when individuals change their behavior based on the request of others. Methods of gaining compliance include the foot-in-the-door technique, lowball technique, and that-not-all technique

Question 17

Obedience

Answer 17

Change in behavior based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure

Question 18

Attitudes

Answer 18

tendencies toward expression of positive or negative feelings or evaluations of something

Question 19

What are the three components to attitude?

Answer 19

Affective, behavioral & cognitive

Question 20

Functional attitudes theory

Answer 20

There are four functional areas of attitudes that serve individuals in life: knowledge, ego expression, adaptability and ego defense

Question 21

Learning theory

Answer 21

attitudes are developed through forms of learning: Direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction, and conditioning.

Question 22

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer 22

attitudes are formed and changed through different routes of information processing based on the degree of elaboration (central route processing, peripheral route processing)

Question 23

Social cognitive theory

Answer 23

States that attitudes are formed through observation of behavior, personal factors and environment