Behavioral Sciences Chapter 7: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
What is the biomedical approach to psych disorders?
- physical & medical causes
- treatment is biomedical
What is the biophysical approach to psych disorders?
- considers biological, psychological and social components
- treatment considers all three
How are psych disorders defined?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - characterizes based on symptom patterns
What are common psych disorders?
depression, anxiety, substance use
Schizophrenia
prototypical disorder with psychosis as a feature
Schizophrenia - Positive symptoms
add something to behavior, cognition or affect and include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and disorganized behavior
Schizophrenia - Negative symptoms
Loss of something from behavior, cognition or affect and include disturbance of affect and avolition
What is major depressive disorder?
At least one major depressive episode
Pervasive depressive disorder
depressed for at least two years that does not meet criteria for major depressive disorder
Seasonal affective disorder
Major depressive disorder with seasonal onset (winter)
Bipolar
Have manic or hypomanic episodes
Bipolar I
Contains at least 1 manic episode
Bipolar II
Contains at least 1 hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode
Cyclothymic disorder
Contains hypomanic episodes with dysthymia
General anxiety disorders
disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least six months
Specific phobias
irrational fears of specific objects or situations
Social anxiety disorder
anxiety due to social or performance situations
Agoraphobia
fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape.
Panic disorder
maked by recurrent panic attacks: intense, overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous system activity with no clear stimulus. It may lead to agoraphobia.
Obsessive-Compulsive disorder
obsessions (persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses) and compulsions (repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause significant impairment in a person’s life)
Body dysmorphic disorder
An unrealistic, negative evaluation of one’s appearance or a specific body part. The individual often takes extreme measures to correct the perceived imperfection.
Dissociative amnesia
an inability to recall past experience without an underlying neurological disorder. In severe forms, it may involve dissociative fuge, a sudden change in location that may involve the assumption of a new identity.
Dissociative identity disorder
occurrence of two or more personalities that take control of a person’s behavior
Depersonalization/derealization disorder
Feelings of detachment from the mind and body or from the environment
Somatic symptom disorder
involves at least one somatic symptom, which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical condition, that causes disproportionate concern
Illness anxiety disorder
preoccupation with thoughts about having or coming down with, a serious medical condition
Conversion disorder
involves unexplained symptoms affecting motor or sensory function and is associated with prior tauma
What are personality disorders?
patterns of inflexible, maladaptive behavior that cause distress or impaired functioning in at least two of the following: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning or impulse control.
3 Clusters of PD
A. odd, eccentric, wierd - paranoid, schizotypal and schizoid
B. dramatic, emotional, erratic, wild - antisocial, borderline, histronic, narcissistic
C. anxious, fearful, worried - avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
paranoid PD
pervasive mistrust and suspicion
Schizotypal PD
ideas of reference, magical thinking and eccentricity
Schizoid PD
Detachment from social relationships and limited emotion
Antisocial PD
disregard for the rights of others
Borderline PD
involved instability in relationships, mood and self image - splitting is characteristic, as are suicide attempts
Histronic PD
constant attention seeking behavior
Narcissistic PD
grandiose sense of self-importance and need for admiration
Avoidant PD
extreme shyness and fear of rejection
Dependent PD
continuous need for reassurance
Obsessive compulsive PD
perfectionism, inflexibility and pre-occupation with rules
Biological basis for schizophrenia
genetic factors, birth trauma, adolescent marijuana use and family history
Biological basis for depression
high levels of glucocorticoids and low levels of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine
Biological basis for bipolar disorders
high levels of norepinephrine & serotonin - highly heritable
Biological basis for alzheimers
genetic, brain atrophy, decrease in acetylcholine, senile plaques of beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
Parkinson’s disease
Associated with bradykinesia, resting tremor, pillrolling tremor masklike facies, cogwheel rigidity and a shuffling gait - decreases production of dopamine
