Behavioral Sciences Chapter 7: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

What is the biomedical approach to psych disorders?

Answer 1

• physical & medical causes

- treatment is biomedical

Question 2

What is the biophysical approach to psych disorders?

Answer 2

• considers biological, psychological and social components

- treatment considers all three

Question 3

How are psych disorders defined?

Answer 3

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - characterizes based on symptom patterns

Question 4

What are common psych disorders?

Answer 4

depression, anxiety, substance use

Question 5

Schizophrenia

Answer 5

prototypical disorder with psychosis as a feature

Question 6

Schizophrenia - Positive symptoms

Answer 6

add something to behavior, cognition or affect and include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and disorganized behavior

Question 7

Schizophrenia - Negative symptoms

Answer 7

Loss of something from behavior, cognition or affect and include disturbance of affect and avolition

Question 8

What is major depressive disorder?

Answer 8

At least one major depressive episode

Question 9

Pervasive depressive disorder

Answer 9

depressed for at least two years that does not meet criteria for major depressive disorder

Question 10

Seasonal affective disorder

Answer 10

Major depressive disorder with seasonal onset (winter)

Question 11

Bipolar

Answer 11

Have manic or hypomanic episodes

Question 12

Bipolar I

Answer 12

Contains at least 1 manic episode

Question 13

Bipolar II

Answer 13

Contains at least 1 hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode

Question 14

Cyclothymic disorder

Answer 14

Contains hypomanic episodes with dysthymia

Question 15

General anxiety disorders

Answer 15

disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least six months

Question 16

Specific phobias

Answer 16

irrational fears of specific objects or situations

Question 17

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 17

anxiety due to social or performance situations

Question 18

Agoraphobia

Answer 18

fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape.

Question 19

Panic disorder

Answer 19

maked by recurrent panic attacks: intense, overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous system activity with no clear stimulus. It may lead to agoraphobia.

Question 20

Obsessive-Compulsive disorder

Answer 20

obsessions (persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses) and compulsions (repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause significant impairment in a person’s life)

Question 21

Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 21

An unrealistic, negative evaluation of one’s appearance or a specific body part. The individual often takes extreme measures to correct the perceived imperfection.

Question 22

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 22

an inability to recall past experience without an underlying neurological disorder. In severe forms, it may involve dissociative fuge, a sudden change in location that may involve the assumption of a new identity.

Question 23

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 23

occurrence of two or more personalities that take control of a person’s behavior

Question 24

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

Answer 24

Feelings of detachment from the mind and body or from the environment

Question 25

Somatic symptom disorder

Answer 25

involves at least one somatic symptom, which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical condition, that causes disproportionate concern

Question 26

Illness anxiety disorder

Answer 26

preoccupation with thoughts about having or coming down with, a serious medical condition

Question 27

Conversion disorder

Answer 27

involves unexplained symptoms affecting motor or sensory function and is associated with prior tauma

Question 28

What are personality disorders?

Answer 28

patterns of inflexible, maladaptive behavior that cause distress or impaired functioning in at least two of the following: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning or impulse control.

Question 29

3 Clusters of PD

Answer 29

A. odd, eccentric, wierd - paranoid, schizotypal and schizoid
B. dramatic, emotional, erratic, wild - antisocial, borderline, histronic, narcissistic
C. anxious, fearful, worried - avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

Question 30

paranoid PD

Answer 30

pervasive mistrust and suspicion

Question 31

Schizotypal PD

Answer 31

ideas of reference, magical thinking and eccentricity

Question 32

Schizoid PD

Answer 32

Detachment from social relationships and limited emotion

Question 33

Antisocial PD

Answer 33

disregard for the rights of others

Question 34

Borderline PD

Answer 34

involved instability in relationships, mood and self image - splitting is characteristic, as are suicide attempts

Question 35

Histronic PD

Answer 35

constant attention seeking behavior

Question 36

Narcissistic PD

Answer 36

grandiose sense of self-importance and need for admiration

Question 37

Avoidant PD

Answer 37

extreme shyness and fear of rejection

Question 38

Dependent PD

Answer 38

continuous need for reassurance

Question 39

Obsessive compulsive PD

Answer 39

perfectionism, inflexibility and pre-occupation with rules

Question 40

Biological basis for schizophrenia

Answer 40

genetic factors, birth trauma, adolescent marijuana use and family history

Question 41

Biological basis for depression

Answer 41

high levels of glucocorticoids and low levels of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine

Question 42

Biological basis for bipolar disorders

Answer 42

high levels of norepinephrine & serotonin - highly heritable

Question 43

Biological basis for alzheimers

Answer 43

genetic, brain atrophy, decrease in acetylcholine, senile plaques of beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein

Question 44

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 44

Associated with bradykinesia, resting tremor, pillrolling tremor masklike facies, cogwheel rigidity and a shuffling gait - decreases production of dopamine