battles

Question 1

date of dacian wars

Answer 1

101-106 AD

Question 2

two sides of dacian wars

Answer 2

the dacians lead by Decebalus
the romans lead by Trajan

Question 3

backgroud of trajan

Answer 3

• both in spain with little power
• became a popular military commander
• rome had just murdered an emporer, they employed nerva who was liked by nobles but old and disliked by military, he employd Trajan as his co emporer and then died

Question 4

legacy of trajan

Answer 4

• remebered as romens greatest
• he built significant public areas and harbours
• respected by army and lead successful campaigns
• extended the corn dole and helped with support for the poor and orphaned

Question 5

background to the dacians

Answer 5

• they were known trouble at romes border and had attacked rome before
• ex emporer domitian had lost badly to them and had had to fund them to keep peace
• a year later rome won a battle against them and made them a client country, this meant they funded the dacians to strengthen their border and hence romes border

Question 6

causes for war w the dacians

Answer 6

• trajan worried for the security of the border to rome
• people worried decebalus was usig the funds to strengthen dacia, befirend the north and then attack rome
• there were rumours he was taking in ex slaves and roman soliders
• trajan wanted to raise moral and shape a popular legacy for himself
• dacia was knwon for their gold mines

Question 7

consequcnes of the dacian war

Answer 7

• rome came in to great gold mines and was able to spend it on corn dole and fudning for the poor as well as public baths
• trajan had 500K war prisoners and 10k for his 100 day gladitorial celebration raiisng moral
• dacia became a province of rome

Question 8

aim of the perscribed dacia sources

Answer 8

• propaganda for the romans success
• seen through romes perspective of their wars and how they wanted them to be remebered
• very unrealistic in truth

Question 9

main qualities of trajans collum

Answer 9

• uilt in 113 ad
• 30m tall
• grave for trojan
• viewed as a story of the war
• large statue of trajan at top
• between two libraries
• marble

Question 10

scenes depicted on trajans collum

Answer 10

• trajan speaking
  -sacrifices
• building
  -negotiations

Question 11

presentation of rome on trajans collum

Answer 11

• very orderly and obedient
• their buildings are modern and neat
• trajan is seen to be respected and draw obediece and attention, shows a very strong leadership
• romes prisoners are being taken away orderly to work for a good cause, rome
• the spoils of the campaign such as women and armour show success and are used well
• they have the aid of the gods
• clean shaven and well armoured

Question 12

presentation of dacia on trajans collum

Answer 12

• they show their prisoners dehumanised and being raped- barbaric
• dacians are manic and cowardly, many killing themskves
• they have no battle stratergy or leadership
• barbaric
• badly armoured and not shaven
• lived in small badly built areas

Question 13

date of thermopalae

Answer 13

480 bc

Question 14

two sides of thermoplae

Answer 14

xerces and the persians
leonidas and the spartans/greeks

Question 15

initial events of the battle of thermoplae pre trap

Answer 15

• the persians took greece very quickly with little oppostiion
• the small levels of greek allies decided to trap in the persians in a small passage called thermopalae
• it was 30 men lead by leoniadas
• an ex spartan king turned persian warned xerces of spartan bravery but was ignored
• they began a standoff at the passage that lasted four days

Question 16

events of the battle of thermoplae

Answer 16

• xerces becomes bored of the stand off and sends in troops
• the persians begin to loose due to the hoplite battle tactics and the small proximity
• tactics include pretending to rereat, sucking more persians in to the passage and rotating the men at the front so they dont get tired
• by day two theres still a loss for the persians
• a man called ephialtes betrays greeks for a reward and informs the persians of a secret mountain passage
• the greeks are now trapped from either side
• this aside they continue to battle despite all of their deaths

Question 17

significance of the battle of thermopalae

Answer 17

• despite their clear impending deaths the greeks combed their hair, prepared for battle and fought nobly even without weapons
• it was prophesised either leonidas would die or sparta would crumble, so his death was in place of mass destruction and so celebrated
• very clear showing of the bravery and glory of battle and death
• paints them in a much more chivalrous light than the persians who spread miasma by decapitating leonidas

Question 18

date of salamis

Answer 18

480bc

Question 19

two sides of salamis

Answer 19

greece vs xerces persians

Question 20

background to salamis

Answer 20

• after the persian thermoplae win they moved slowly from the northern center of greece to the athenian south
• when they reached athens it was completely empty
• grek ships had rushed south to defend athens
• leader thermosticles had cosulted the oracle and agreed to evacuate athens, men had boarded triemems and gone to salamis whilst women stayed in allied cities

Question 21

preparation for the battle at salamis

Answer 21

-greeks; there was roughly 380 greek+ allies ships. but there was disagreement between the allies the pelopalese who wanted to move ships to the peninsula by their land as a blockade, as this was passed the other allies were upset. thermosticles began to neogitate and proved that the narrow bay of salamis meant that greeks would be less affected by the huge numbers of persians as they could not all fit
- persians; xerces asked the council of leaders what to do, everyone agreed on immediate battle in salamis but greek queen artemesia who stood up and said greeks were too powerful navally. he agreed butwent with the majority opinion

Question 22

key events in the battle of salamis

Answer 22

• thermistocles set a slave to xerces tellig him the greek =s were arguing and withdrawing ad also he was secretly on xerces side
• at the news the persians all moved ito the straights i salamis to stop the greeks leaving
• the greek allies knew they had to fight, that moring they lined up and pretended to back off before an athenia ship rammed a persian suddnely
• depiction of battle is very chaotic and uncertain
• persians had not understood the currents, the narrowness of salamis and the shallow water meaning their boats were weak and overcrowded
• artemesia in threat of a athenain ship rammed her ally and is let free

Question 23

impact of the battle of salamis

Answer 23

• huge win for the greeks
• huge greek symbol of democratic victory over uncivilised tyranical persians
• athenais contributed most ships and moral so it was their victory

Question 24

date of battle of actium

Answer 24

winter of 32/31 bc

Question 25

two sides of battle of actium

Answer 25

rome vs rome
augustus/octavian vs antony + cleopatra

Question 26

context to the battle of actium

Answer 26

• for almost a century rome had been in many civil wars
• when the republic shifting dictaor caeser died his two hiers set about together dividing rome ad getting rid of his assasins
• atonys east rome became close with egypt its client coutry whom it was intersted in for its fertility
• antoy met cleopatra, caesers ex wife and egyptian queen, the two fell in love and had children
  -antony was forced t return to rome to seal his pact w octavian by marrying his sister
• soon antony returned to egypt, divorced octavia and perminently moved to cleo
• octavian began to paint him as a man who had been bewitched by foriegn powers which diverted from this beig another roman civil war

Question 27

actium battle key events

Answer 27

• throughout the winter and spring antony and octavians ships had been in the gulf of actium in little bickers but nothig large
• both sides had about 260 ships, but antonys were heavier and loaded with goods
• octavians advisor agrippa managed to blockade off the entire mouth to the gulf of actium cuttinf off a+cs supplies
• their troops were starved and desserting so they agreed to battle
• the two met at sea in a long battle
• agrippa bega to break down the center of antoys line
• cleopatra, who had not joined battle, saw the opeig and sent her ships straight through and to egypt
• seeing his love go antoy called his troops to go too- but no one heard

Question 28

aftermath of actium

Answer 28

• the remaining of antonys troops surrendered and were given mercy by octavian
• octavian travelled to egypt the next year and beat them again
• antony killed himself in cleos arms
  -octavia showed no sympathy to her- he killed her son and she killed herself
• octavian became augustus, romes first emporer and depicst actium as the end of the dark civil war period for rome

Question 29

importance of the arch of trajan

Answer 29

• homed in brundisum, home of the port where romas would leave to go on campaign
  -limestone and marble, very well preserved
• depicts; trajan in his chariot, trajan working on the corn dole and fiunding cities, trajan helping the poor and performing sacrifices
• depicts his dacian winnings as a huge roman victory and portrays his character as very popular