BASTA Flashcards
A
contemporary theoretical
perspective that proposes
that the multiple levels of a
developing child—ranging
from the inner biological to
the psychological, social
relational, and sociocultural
—are inextricably inter-
twined and function as an
integrated system
developmental
contextualism
Qualities
of responsiveness to the
environment that exist from
birth and evoke different
reactions from people in the
baby’s world.
temperament
A
type of temperament that is
defined by a very regular,
adaptable, mildly intense
style of behavior that is
positive and responsive.
easy temperament
A type of temperament
that is characterized by an
intense, irregular, withdraw-
ing style that is generally
marked by negative moods.
difficult temperament
A
type of temperament in
which infants need time to
make transitions in activity
and experiences.
slow-to-warm-up
How
well a child’s temperament
fits into the expectations and
values of the parents,
environment, and culture
goodness of fit
An aspect of temperament
where a child shows signs
of wariness, discomfort, or
distress when confronted
with novel, challenging, or
unfamiliar situations.
behavioral inhibition
The special
bond that develops between
infants and their primary
caregiver and provides
infants with emotional
security.
attachment
A
style of attachment in which
infants are described as
warm and responsive to
their caregiver.
secure attachment
A style of attachment in
which children are uncertain
in their response to their
mothers, going back and
forth between seeking and
shunning her attention.
ambivalent attachment
A style of attachment in
which children shun their
mothers, who are suspected
of being intrusive and
overstimulating.
avoidant attachment
Three Cultural Models of Attachment
Psychological
Autonomy
Hierarchical
Relatedness
Hybrid
There are strong
emotional bonds
between infants and
one or a few caregivers.
Infants are
conceptualized as
autonomous, unique
individuals.
Psychological Autonomy
Infants in this cultural
environment have a
sense of security not
based on a specic
caregiver or relationship,
but security within a
network of community
members.
Hierarchical
Relatedness
This cultural model
emphasizes unique
attachment relationships
with one or few
caregivers and at the
same time, view the
social community as
another integral part of
the network of
attachment.
Hybrid
A specialty in psychology
that studies how thinking
skills develop over time.
The major theory of cogni-
tive development is that of
Piaget.
cognitive development
Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor
Stage
Preoperational
Stage
Operational
Stage
Formal
Operational
Stage
• Children
understand
the world
through their
sensory
perceptions
and motor
behaviors.
Sensorimotor
Stage
• Children use
symbols,
such as
language, to
understand
the world
around them.
Preoperational
Stage
• Children
develop the
ability
to think
logically
about
concrete
objects.
Operational
Stage
• Individuals
develop the
ability to
think logically
about
abstract
concepts.
Formal
Operational
Stage
An
awareness that physical
quantities remain the same
even when they change
shape or appearance.
conservation
The tendency
to focus on a single aspect of
a problem.
centration
The
inability to imagine
“undoing” a process.
irreversibility
