Basic Terminology Flashcards
Endocrine vs exocrine
Endocrine glands are those that release their secretions into the bloodstream. The blood then carries the substances throughout the body until it reaches its target organ. Exocrine glands are those glands that directly release their secretion into the target organ or tissue.
Anatomy vs physiology
Anatomy (structure) vs physiology (function)
Levels of organization
cells, tissues, organs, (organ) systems, body
Name three examples of endocrine glands
adrenal, thyroid, pituitary
Despite changing environmental conditions, normal body function maintains a state of internal balance or constancy known as _____
homeostasis
HOMEOSTASIS:
The ___ gathers information about a specific variable.
The control center then compares the sensor inputs with the set point and sends out signals.
The ___ increases or decreases its activity to restore the normal level of the regulated variable.
sensor
effector
A difference in specific physical or chemical values between two areas is called a ____
gradient
A transverse plane is also called a ___ plane.
horizontal
A frontal plane is also called a ____ plane
coronal
Compounds that release ions when they dissolve in water. (Note that in practice, the term is also used to refer to the ions themselves in body fluids.)
electrolytes
The following are components of a ____
- A nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) subunit called a base (not to be confused with an alkali)
- Sugar, usually ribose or deoxyribose.
- Phosphate group(s)
nucleotide
Cell death by ___ happens because the cell has been injured (homicide)
necrosis
Cell death by ___ occurs because the cell has been “programmed to die” by its own genes (suicide)
apoptosis
