Basic Science Concepts - Quiz 1

Question 1

PSNS works by releasing ___ which binds to ____ receptors

Answer 1

ACh; muscarinic

Question 2

PSNS physiological response

Answer 2

SLUDD (Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, digestion)

Question 3

SNS works by releasing ___ which binds to ____ receptors

Answer 3

NE and E; adrenergic receptors

Question 4

SNS physiological response

Answer 4

Increased BP, HR, and bronchodilation

Question 5

Muscarinic agonist action?

Answer 5

Increased SLUDD

Question 6

Nicotinic agonist action?

Answer 6

Increased HR and BP

Question 7

Nicotinic antagonist action?

Answer 7

Neuromuscular blockade

Question 8

A-1 agonism? antagonism

Answer 8

Agonist: Smooth muscle vasocontriction, Increased BP
Antagonism: Smooth muscle vasodilation, Decreased BP

Question 9

a-2 agonism? antagonism?

Answer 9

Agonist: Decreased release of E and NE, decreased BP and HR
Antagonism: Increased BP and HR

Question 10

b-1 agonism? antagonism?

Answer 10

Agonist: Increased myocardial contractility, CO, HR
Antagonist: Decreased CO and HR

Question 11

b-2 agonist? antagonism?

Answer 11

Agonist: bronchodilation
Antagonist: Bronchoconstriction

Question 12

Dopamine agonist? antagonsit?

Answer 12

Agonist and antagonist: Renal, cardiac, CNS effects

Question 13

Serotonin agonist? antagonsit

Answer 13

Platelet, GI, and psychiatric effects

Question 14

Enzyme that breaks down Ach?

Answer 14

Achetylcholinesterase

Question 15

Enzyme that converts angiotesin I to II?

Answer 15

ACE

Question 16

Enzyme that breaks down L-DOPA?

Answer 16

COMT

Question 17

What is the function of COX enzyme?

Answer 17

Converts arachidonic acid to prostagladins (inflammation) and thromboxane A2 (platelet aggregation)

Question 18

Enzyme that breaks down catecholamines?

Answer 18

MAO

Question 19

What is PDE

Answer 19

Enzyme that breaks down cGMP, a smooth muscle relaxant

Question 20

What converts vit K to its active form?

Answer 20

Warfarin

Question 21

What is xantine oxiase?

Answer 21

Breaks down hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to urate

Question 22

What are the emergencies that occur with catecholamine accumulation?

Answer 22

HTN crisis and seratonin syndrome

Question 23

Identify drug class

Answer 23

B-lactam, penicillin

Question 24

Identify drug class

Answer 24

B-lactam, cephalosporin

Question 25

Identify drug class

Answer 25

b-lactam, carbapenum

Question 26

Identify drug

Answer 26

Aztreonam, similar to b-lactams but no cross reactivity

Question 27

What are the 3 main forms of drug degradation?

Answer 27

1. Oxidation-reduction
2. Hydrolysis
3. Photolysis

Question 28

What is redox?

Answer 28

Loss in electrons and reduction is gain

Question 29

What are visible signs of oxidation?

Answer 29

Color change

Question 30

How do you prevent oxidation?

Answer 30

1. Light protection
2. Temperature control
3. Antioxidants (free radical scavangers)

Question 31

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 31

Occurs hen water causes the cleavage of a bond in a molecule

Question 32

Functional groups susceptable to hydrolysis?

Answer 32

1. Esters (OR-)
2. Amides (Nitrogn)
3. Lactams (b-lactam)

Question 33

How do you prevent hydrolysis?

Answer 33

Desiccants

Question 34

How do you prevent photolysis?

Answer 34

Light protection

Question 35

Compounds that are sussceptible to photolysis?

Answer 35

1. Ascorbic acid
2. Folic acid
3. Nitroprusside
4. Phytonadione