Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, Cold - Quiz 2 Flashcards
What is rhinorrhea?
Runny nose
What is allergic rhinitis?
Congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itchy eyes caused by exposure to an allergen
What are sx of a cold?
- Sneezing
- Runny nose
- Thick dark mucus
- Sore throat
- Body aches
- Sx about 3 days and last about a week
Sx of allergy?
- Sneezing
- Runny nose
- Thin, clear mucus
- Wheezing
- Red, watery eyes
- Sx lasts more days to months after contact with allergen
How can we test for allergies?
IGE-MEDIATED SKIN PRICK TEST
What are common allergies?
- Pollen
- Mold
- Dust mites
- Animal dander
Non pharm to avoid allergies?`
- Vacuuming
- Checking AQI
- Checking pollen counting
What are nasal gels?
Petrolatum (Allergen Block) that is applied around the nose to physically block pollen and allergens from entering the nose
* safe for chidren and pregnancy
Ex of wetting agents?
- Ocean Little Remedies
- Simply Saline
Ex of nasal irrigation?
- NeilMed Sinus Rinse
- Isotonic or hypertolic saline
- Homemade or store bought distilled, boiled and cooled saline mixure
What should you not do for nasal irrigation?
Tap water increases risk for infection
Counseling on how to use nasal irrigation?`
Prepared saline olution is placed in neti pot then poured into one nostril and drained out the other while breathing through the mouth
What is first line for chronic moderate to severe sx?
Intranasal steroids
What is tx for mild sx?
PO antihistamines
What is the purpose of IN sterois?
Decreases inflammation for oderate severe sx
Examples of IN steroids?
- Budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy)
- Fluticase (Flonase)
- Triamcinolone (Nasacort)
- Mometasone (Nasonex)
ADRs of IN steroids?
Epistaxis
How long can you use IN steroids for relief?
One week
What are the preferred IN steroids for pregnancy?
Budesonide and beclomethasone
Budesonide
Rhinocort
Flutiasone
Flonase
Triamcilone
Nasocort
MOA of antihistamine?
Blocks histamine release by binding to H1 recepotr site
Which antihistamines are more sedating?
First gen
Examples of first gen antihistamines?
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Chlorpheniramine (Aller-Chlor)
Doxylamine (Unisom-SleepTabs)
Diphenhydramie
Benadryl
Chlorpheniramine
AllerChlor
Doxylamine
Unisom SleepTabs
Dosing of Benadryl in adults
25 mg PO Q4-6H or 50 mg PO Q6-8H (Max 300mg/day)
Avoid Benadryl is children under?
6
CI of first gen AH?
- Neonates (<2Y)
- Premature infants
- Breadfeeding
- Avoid in eldely
Patient populations cautioned for use of fist gen AH?
- BPH (prostate enlargement)
- Glaucoma
ADRs of first gen AH?
- Somnolence
- Cognitive impairment
- Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation)
What disease states are worsened with first gen antihistamines?
- BPH
- Constipation
- Dementia
- Glaucoma
What are 2nd gen AH>
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
- Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- Loratadine (Claritin)
Examples of IN antihistamines?
Azelastine (Astepro Allergy)
Azelastin+Fluticasone (Dymista)
Olopatadine (Patanase)
Cetirizine
Zyrtec
Levocetirizine
Xyzal