Basic Exercise Science chapter 2-1 Flashcards
What are the 3 primary functions of the nervous system?
Sensory function
Integrative function
Motor function
Name the components that make up the human movement system.
Nervous system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Also known as the kinetic chain
What is the nervous system
A large group of cells that form nerves which provide a communication network within the body.
Describe the sensory function
The ability if the nervous system to sense change in the internal or external environment.
Describe the integrative function
The ability of the nervous system to interpret sensory info allowing for proper decision making and producing the appropriate response.
Describe motor function
The neuromuscular response to sensory info.
The nervous and muscular system
Neuromuscular
Which system in the kinetic chain dictates movement
Nervous system
What is a neuron
The functional unit of the nervous system .
Many neuron together form …
The nerves of the body.
Neuron are comprised of 3 main parts, what are they?
Cell body (soma)
Axon
Dendrites
What is the name of the neuron that looks like cylindrical projection from the cell body, that transmits nervous impulses to other neurons or effector sites (muscles, organs other neurons etc.)
Axon
What part of the neuron communicates from the brain/spinal cord to other parts os the body
Axon
What part of the neuron gathers info from other structures back to the neuron?
Dendrites
The part,of the neuron that is similar to any other cells in the body and contains a nucleus, and organelles such as lysosomes, mitochondria, and Golgi complex.
Cell body
There are 3 main functional classifications of neurons that are determined by the direction of their impulses. What are they?
Sensory (afferent)
Interneuron
Motor (efferent)
Which neuron transmits impulses from effector sites ( muscles and organs) to the brain/spinal cord?
Sensory neuron (afferent)
Which neuron transmits nerve impulses to other neurons?
Interneuron (efferent)
Which neuron transmits impulses from the brain/spinal cord to effector sites such as muscles or glands?
Motor neuron
Describe the central nervous system.
It is comprised of the brain and spinal cord and serves mainly to interpret info.
The nervous system is comprised of 2 interdependent division, what are they?
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Describe the peripheral nervous system ( not the function).
Consist of cranial and spinal nerves spread throughout the body
What are the 2 main functions of the peripheral nervous system?
Relays info from body organs to the brain, and from the brain to body organs.
What are mechanoreceptors?
Sensory receptors, responsible for sensing distortion in body tissue.
Name 3 types of mechanoreceptors.
Muscle spindle
Golgi tendon organs
Joint receptors
Mechanoreceptors sense what type of tissue distortion?
Compression
Traction tension
Describe muscle spindles.
A major sensory organ of the muscle, Fibers sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change.
How do Muscle spindles prevent injury?
It contract to prevent muscles from being stretched to fast and too long.
Where are the Golgi Tendon organs located?
Where the muscle and tendon meet musculotendinous junction.
Which mechanoreceptors is sensitive to muscular tension and rate of tension change?
Golgi tendon organ
How does the Golgi tendon organ prevent injury?
When excited it causes the muscle to relax preventing it from being placed under excessive stress.
Where are joint receptors located?
In and around the joint capsule
What kind of tissue stress do joint receptors respond to?
Pressure
Acceleration
Deceleration
How do joint receptors prevent injuries?
By responding to extreme joint positions, they also initiate a reflexive inhibitory response in surrounding muscle if too much stress is placed on a joint.
Which mechanoreceptors initiates a reflective inhibitory response in surrounding muscle if there is too much stress placed on the joint?
Joint receptor
All movement is DICTATED by the …
Nervous system
