Basic Concepts Of Chemistry 4.11

Question 1

Homologous Series

Answer 1

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2 group

Question 2

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only

Question 3

What is a functional group?

Answer 3

The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties.

Question 4

Aliphatic

Answer 4

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched (straight) or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings (cyclohexane).

Question 5

Alicyclic

Answer 5

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring stuctures with or without branches

Question 6

Aromatic

Answer 6

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring. C6H6

Question 7

Structural Isomers

Answer 7

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different stucturral formulae.

Question 8

Heterolytic fission

Answer 8

The breaking of a covalent bond where one of the bonding atoms takes both electrons to form ions. e.g :Br-

Question 9

Homolytic fission

Answer 9

The breaking of a covalent bond where each of the bonded atoms take one of the shared pair of electron. - each species now has a single unpaired electron (forms 2 radicals)

Question 10

Addition reaction

Answer 10

Two reactants joining together to form one product

Question 11

Substution reaction

Answer 11

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

Question 12

Elimination reaction

Answer 12

The removal of a small molecule to form a larger one, one reactant molecule forms two products. E.g dehydration reaction with alcohol (alcohol + acid —> alkene + h2O)