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CS 330 > Basic Components and Trends > Flashcards

Basic Components and Trends Flashcards

1
Q

where symbols, characters and numbers are manipulated

A

processor

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2
Q

stores the address of the current (or next) instruction

A

program counter

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3
Q

stores the instruction that is being (or about to be) executed

A

instruction register

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4
Q

will read the instruction from the instruction register and turn other components on/off to execute the instruction

A

control unit

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5
Q

performs arithmetic and logic operations, based on commands given by the control unit

A

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

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6
Q

consist of small temporary fast storage. Data comes from or gets stored here before/after being processed by the ALU

A

register

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7
Q

store recently used data and instructions for quick access

A

caches

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8
Q

stores data that you are actively using (like open files or programs)

A

RAM

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9
Q

_______ of a processor measures how many bits it can transfer or manipulate in parallel

A

word size

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10
Q

acts like a separate processor but may share some resources

A

core

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11
Q

where data and program instructions are stored temporarily during processing; composed of registers, caches, and RAM; faster, expensive, volatile

A

main memory

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12
Q

where programs or files are stored when they are not being used; slower and cheaper than main memory; non-volatile; examples: HDD, SSD, CD, DVD etc.

A

secondary memory

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13
Q

platers with magnetic coating, actuator arm positions a read/write head; magnetic field writes 0’s and 1’s; cheap way to store lots of data

A

hard disk drive (HDD)

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14
Q

uses electric circuits; faster than HDDs and last longer; more expensive and limited number of writes (endurance)

A

solid state drive (SSD)

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15
Q

combine smaller SSDs with larger HDDs (move common files from HDD to SSD for speed)

A

hybrid drives

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16
Q

use a laser and mirror; how light is reflected represents 0s or 1s; slower and has less capacity than a hard drive, but they are cheap and durable

A

optical drive

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17
Q

64 bit processors designed to work with software compatible with older 32-bit versions

A

backwards compatibility

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18
Q

computers will request and use services provided by servers; typically inexpensive

A

client

18
Q

computers will run an application and provide it to others over a network; typically more expensive

A

server

18
Q

another flavour of client/server model; every machine consumes and provides services at the same time; decentralized; each device acts as a client and a server at the same time; eg: torrenting

A

peer-to-peer

19
Q

5 drivers of technology

A

moore’s law; law of mass digital storage; metcalfe’s law; declining communication costs; creation of technology standards

20
Q

the number of transistors on a single chip doubles every 2 years; means processing power and computing power doubles every 2 years

A

moore’s law

21
Q

amount of digital information is doubling every year; storage capacity is growing exponentially; cheaper to store more data

drivers of technology

A

law of mass digital storage

22
Q

the financial value of a network grows exponentially as more members are added

A

metcalfe’s law

23
Q

communication costs going down means there’s more reliance on it to conduct business

Drivers of technology

A

declining communication costs

24
Q

common language for interoperability, consistency, and quality; enables competition and reduces costs

A

creation of technology standards

25
Q

can be used to improve hard drive performance; involves using multiple hard drives together to achieve improvements in reliability, availability, performance, and capacity

A

RAID

26
Q

where we split a file into small blocks, and store some on one hard drive and some on another; increased performance since more data can be read simultaneously; decreased reliability since if one HDD fails, all files become corrupted

A

RAID 0 (disk striping)

27
Q

when the same data is stored on multiple disks; increased reliability and read performance since there are multiple copies; decreased capacity

A

RAID 1 (disk mirroring)

28
Q

a single bit added to the end of a binary string; used to detect errors with RAID; odd/even parity: adds 1s at the end to make number of 1s odd/even

A

parity bit

29
Q

group of computers linked together to share data or resources

A

network

30
Q

connect devices by sharing data with all devices

A

hubs

31
Q

split the network into 2 segments and receiving data can only cross if it is intended for a device on the other side

A

bridge

32
Q

can send data only to the intended recipient

A

switch

33
Q

connect multiple networks together

A

router

34
Q

converts data from your ISP into a format your computer can understand

A

modem

35
Q

prevents outsides from obtaining unauthorized access to your network

A

firewall

36
Q

using a network of computers to mimic a supercomputer; works because processors are idle for most of the time; tasks can be broken down into smaller, independent subtasks that can be run on multiple processors simultaneously; does not always work

A

grid computing

37
Q

creating a virtual version that acts like the actual version of something; like making one device look like many; many like one; one to one

A

virtualization

38
Q

accessing a shared pool of resources (either hardware or software) through the internet

A

cloud computing

39
Q

states that organizations pay beyond the initial purchase price of an asset and that there are various other costs that go into operating or maintaining it

A

total cost of ownership (TCO)

40
Q

are things the company is explicitly paying for, like paying for hardware, software, internet, support, training

A

direct costs

41
Q

are things the company is implicitly paying for due to lost productivity, like downtime, poorly trained users and staff, user mistakes, using a computer for non-business purposes, etc.

A

indirect costs

CS 330 (14 decks)

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