BASC108A Flashcards
Cattle originated from what word?
Chattel (possession)
Estimated number of cattle in the world.
1.3 Billion
What continents are cattle first domesticated?
Europe and Asia
Two ancient ancestor of cattle
Bos taurus and Bos indicus
Bos taurus is a mixture of?
Bos primigenius (Aurochs) and Bos longifrons (Celtic Shorthorns)
Estimated number of breeds of sheep in the world
More than 200
Ancestors of present-day sheeps
Moufflons and Asiatic urial
Goats are adapted from what ancestor?
Bezoar Ibex (Capra aegagrus)
Bezoar Ibexes are native to?
Southern slopes of Zagros and Taurus mountains in Iran, Iraq and Turkey
How many days can a bull detect a cow prior to its in-heat period?
1-2 days
Position of sheep when urinating
Squat position
Is goat browsers or grazes?
Browsers
Is cattle browsers or grazers?
Grazers
Sheeps have bitter taste than goats. True or False?
False
Carabao has what instinct?
Wallowing
How many percentage of ingesta is being fermented by microbes?
60 - 75%
The regurgitation, rechewing and re-swallowing of ingested food
Rumination
Mass of regurgitated ingest
Cud
Other term for cud
Bolus
How many gallons of saliva does a cattle secretes in day?
12 gallons
How many gallons of saliva does a sheep secretes in day?
2 gallons
There are enzymes in the sheep saliva. True or False?
False
Sheep saliva has a high or low pH?
High
Muscle contractions in esophagus move in both directions. True or False?
True
There are sphincter valve in the esophagus of ruminants. True or False?
False
Other term for abomasum
True stomach
What is the location of rumen in the body?
Left side of abdomen
Rumen has villi or papillae lining?
Papillae
Is the rumen functional at birth?
No
Temperature of rumen
39 degrees Celcius
What is the type of digestion in rumen?
Fermentation
Fermentation in rumen is aerobic. True or False?
False
What is the maximum content of rumen in a 150lb ewe? (Answer in gallons)
5 - 10 gallons
What is the maximum content of rumen in a 1000lb cow? (Answer in gallons)
55 - 60 gallons
Normal content of rumen in a 1000lb cow.
25 - 30 gallons
Normal content of rumen in a 150lb ewe.
3 - 5 gallons
What is the pH of rumen?
6.5 - 6.8
This VFA comes from cellulose.
Acetic acid
Ionophore feed additives increases the production of propionic acid. True or False?
True
This VFA comes from starch.
Propionic Acid
What are the chemical compounds given off in acetic acid in order to form pyruvic acid?
CO2 and CH4
This VFA is derived from acetic acid.
Butyric acid
What is the location of reticulum in the body?
Located next to heart
What is the appearance of reticulum?
Honeycomb
Reticulum does not secret enzymes. True or False?
True
The reticulum is sometimes referred to as?
Hardware stomach
It is the veterinary recommended treatment for hardware disease.
Cow magnets
Other term for omasum.
Manyplies/Butcher’s Bible
What is the shape of omasum?
Spherical
Why does chief cells in abomasum secrete mucous?
To protect the abomasal wall from acid damage
Give the three small intestine section (in order).
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Does abomasum secretes enzymes?
Yes
What is the pH in the abomasum?
3.5 - 4
How long is the small intestine in a mature cow?
150 feet
Capacity of small intestine. (Answer in gallons)
20 gallons
What are the finger like projection in small intestine?
Villi
What is secreted into the first section of small intestine?
Bile from gallbladder
What are the three sections in large intestine?
Colon, rectum, anus
Where is the site of water absorption in large intestine?
Colon
Calves are considered non-ruminants at what age?
2-3 months
What is the largest stomach compartment in calf at birth?
Abomasum
In the absence of functional reticulorumen, the calf depends on?
Digestive enzymes
The digestive enzymes of calves are release from what ruminant body parts?
Abomasum and small intestine
Rumen in calf at birth has population of microorganisms. True or False?
False
Immature ruminants are not allowed to access feeds containing urea.
True
What are the gases that cause bloating in cows?
CO2 and methane
Medium sized cow with a smooth dark red colored coat with white tail switches.
Sussex
Oldest known British breed of record.
Galloway
Black in color, smooth hair and produces desirable carcass of high quality and well-marbled meat.
Aberdeen-Angus
Red, white, or roan. Short horns that curve inward.
Shorthorn
White faces and red bodies.
Hereford
Capable of withstanding more severe weather conditions.
Galloway
Popular for crossbreeding.
Highland/West-Highland
Long, coarse outer coat of hair with a soft, thick undercoat.
Highland/West-Highland
One of the smallest of the beef breeds.
Galloway
These breeds originated in southern Asia.
Zebu Cattle
Largest ears of any cattle breeds.
Indu-Brazil
Indu-Brazil is developed from?
Gir, Kankrej, Ongole
Tend to have unpredictable disposition, low cold tolerance, late maturity, and low fertility.
Brahman
Has notable physical strength and is unexcelled in its ability to thrive under harsh climatic, nutritional and sanitary conditions.
Nelore/Ongole
Developed in Queensland between 1946 and 1952.
Braford
What percentage of shorthorn in Sta. Gertrudis?
5/8 or 62.5%
What percentage of the angus component in Brangus?
62.5%
What percentage of hereford in Braford?
50%
Cherry red breed.
Sta. Gertrudis
Undesirable traits include nervousness, late maturing, low productive efficiency and have a pendulous sheath in bulls.
Sta. Gertrudis
Its milk has high butterfat content of 5%
Guernsey
Its milk has 3.3% protein
Milking Shorthorn
Its milk has 3.95% protein
Jersey
Its milk has 4.84% butterfat content
Jersey
In 305 days, it produces 20,000 pounds of milk.
Holstein-Friesian
What specific island is Guernsey originated from?
Channel Islands
Native to Switzerland and probably one of the oldest breeds in existence.
Brown Swiss
The milk of Guernsey has a golden-yellow tingue due to what?
High B-carotene content
In 305 days, it produces 15,000 pounds of milk.
Milking Shorthorn
Also known as White Sindhi.
Tharparkar
Its milk has 3.8% butterfat.
Milking Shorthorn
Its milk has 3.7 protein content.
Guernsey
B-carotene is provitamin for vitamin?
Vitamin A
What is the origin country of Tharparkar?
Pakistan
It also originated in Channel Islands.
Jersey
This breed gives 3000-3500 kg of annually.
Tharparkar
Also known as Cutchi.
Tharparkar
Generally, they are fine, big, upstanding, active and docile, with white and gray color.
Nagauri
The archaeological evidence of buffalo domestication is found in?
Mesopotamia and valley of Indus
The archaeological evidence of buffalo domestication is found on what period?
2000 B.C.
What is the height of Tamaraw?
about 1 meter
What is the weight of Tamaraw?
300 kilograms
Chromosome number of riverine type buffalo
48
Chromosome number of swamp type buffalo
50
A breed of carabao that has 6.5% butterfat content in its milk.
Kundhi
The peculiarity of this breed of carabao is its two white collars.
Surti
900-1400 kg of milk yield in 270 days
Mediterranean Buffalo
Milk yield of 1800 kg.
Bulgarian Murrah Buffalo
Milk fat of 7.04%
Bulgarian Murrah Buffalo
Milk yield of 1200-1300 kg in 200-220 days
Azeri/Caucasian
Milk fat of 8-12%
Surti
Milk fat of 6.6%
Azeri/Caucasian
Yields around 1200 kg in around 280 days
Egyptian
Heaviest of all the Indian Breeds
Jaffarabadi
Milk yield ranges from 900 - 1300 kg
Surti
Average lactation milk yield is 2238.7 kg in 305 days
Jaffarabadi
Pride of Haryana
Murrah
7.68% of Milk Fat
Jaffarabadi
14-15 liters daily milk production
Murrah
Milk fat of 8%
Mediterranean Buffalo
A rare condition characterized by a lock of pigment in an animal’s body, making them look white with red eyes.
Albinism
Albinism may produce additional anomalies like?
Hearing and vision problems
