ANAT101B MIDTERMS Flashcards
What are the deep facial muscles?
Orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus/ Smiling Muscle
Incisivus superioris et inferioris
Levator labii superioris
Caninus
Buccinator
Mentalis
Levator nasolabialis
What are the superficial facial muscles?
Sphincter colli superficialis
Platysma
Sphincter colli profundus
What are the deep muscles of the eyelids, forehead, and ears
Orbicularis oculi
Retractor anguli oculi lateralis
Levator anguli oculi medialis
Levator palpebrae superioris
Orbitales
Occipitalis
Sphincter colli superficialis
Origin: Mid-dorsal raphe
Insertion: Ventral neck/ around lower jaw
Action: Move skin of the neck
Innervation: Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Platysma
Origin: Midline of neck
Insertion: Corner of lip and cheek
Action: tenses skin; Draw the lips caudally
Innervation: Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Sphincter colli profundus
Origin: Base of ear
Insertion: Caudal part of neck
Action: Tense and move neck skin
Innervation: Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Orbicularis oris
Origin: Area surrounding lips
Insertion: Skin of the lips
Action: Pursing lips; facial expression
Innervation: Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Zygomaticus/ Smiling Muscle
Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Angle of mouth
Action: Draw mouth caudally and dorsally
Innervation: Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Incisivus superioris et inferioris
Origin: Alveolar borders of the incisive bone and mandible
Insertion: Upper and lower lip
Action: moves the lip
Innervation: Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Levator labii superioris
Origin: Orbit
Insertion: Upper lip
Action: Elevate and retract superior/ upper lip
Innervation: Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Buccinator
Origin: Mandible and maxilla
Insertion: into orbicularis oris and skin at the corner of mouth
Action: Masticatory region of teeth
Innervation: Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Caninus
Origin: Maxilla
Insertion: nasal ala & upper lip
Action: raise upper lip and flare nostrils
Innervation: Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Ventral oblique/ Inferior oblique
Origin: between the palatine, lacrimal, and maxillary bones
Insertion: Sclera
Action: rotate the eyeball
Innervation: cranial nerve III
Retractor bulbi
Origin: common tendinous ring
Insertion: sclera
Action: retract eyeball
Innervation: cranial nerve VI
Mentalis
Origin: Near mental symphysis
Insertion: chin
Action: elevation of lower lip and chin
Innervation: Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Levator nasolabialis
Origin: Maxilla and nasal bone
Insertion: Lateral part of upper lip and nostrils
Action: Elevates upper lip and dilates nostrils
Innervation: Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Dorsal oblique/ Superior oblique
Origin: optic canal
Insertion: Sclera
Action: rotate the eyeball
Innervation: cranial nerve IV
What are muscles of bulbus oculi - external?
Dorsal oblique/ Superior oblique, Ventral oblique/ Inferior oblique, Dorsal rectus,
Ventral rectus,
Lateral rectus,
Medial rectus,
Retractor bulbi,
Orbicularis
Dorsal rectus
Origin: optic canal
Insertion: Sclera
Action: produce movement of eyeball
Innervation: cranial nerve III - Oculomotor nerve
Lateral rectus
Origin: Optic canal
Insertion: Slcera
Action: Movement of eyeball
Innervation: Cranial nerve VI
Ventral rectus
Origin: bottom of orbital cavity
Insertion: Sclera
Action: movement of eyeball
Innervation: cranial nerve VI
What are the tongue muscles?
Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Genioglossus
Lingual proper (tongue itself)
Medial rectus
Origin: common ring tendon
Insertion: (limbus) area between sclera and cornea
Action: movement of eyeball
Innervation: cranial nerve III
Orbicularis
Origin: frontal maxilla & lacrimal
Insertion: palpebra
Action: Close the eyelid & compress the lacrimal sac
Innervation: facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
Styloglossus
Origin: stylohyoid bone
Insertion: tongue
Action: depress tongue
Innervation: cranial nerve XII
Hypoglossus
Origin: hyoid bone
Insertion: tongue
Action: retract & depress the tongue
Innervation: cranial nerve XII
Genioglossus
Origin: Mandible
Insertion: Tongue & hyoid bone
Action: Extend & depress tongue
Innervation: cranial nerve XII
What are the muscles of mastication?
Masseter
Temporalis
Pterygoideus lateralis
Pterygoideus medialis
Digastricus
Lingual proper (tongue itself)
Origin: tongue
Insertion: tongue
Action: complex movement of tongue
Innervation: cranial nerve XII
Masseter
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: mandible
Action: close mouth
Innervation: cranial nerve V
Temporalis
Origin: Parietal & frontal (temporal fossa)
Insertion: mandible
Action: close mouth
Innervation: cranial nerve V
Pterygoideus medialis
Origin: pterygoid, palatine, & sphenoid
Insertion: mandible
Action: side to side movement & closing
Innervation: cranial nerve V
Pterygoideus lateralis
Origin: sphenoid bone
Insertion: mandible
Action: side to side movement & closing
Innervation: cranial nerve V
Digastricus
Origin: occiput
Insertion: mandible
Action: open mouth
Innervation: cranial nerve V
What are the muscles of cervical vertebrae?
Rectus capitis ventralis
Rectus capitis dorsalis major
Rectus capitis dorsalis minor
Rectus capitis lateralis
obliquus capitis cranialis
obliquus capitis caudalis
splenius capitis
longus capitis
Rectus capitis ventralis
Origin: atlas
Insertion: basioccipital bone
Action: flexion of atlanto-occipital joint
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
Rectus capitis dorsalis major
Origin: axis
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: extension of atlanto-occipital joint
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
Rectus capitis dorsalis minor
Origin: axis
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: extension of atlanto-occipital joint
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
Rectus capitis lateralis
Origin: wing of atlas
Insertion: paracondylar process of occipital bone
Action: flexion of atlanto-occipital joint
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
obliquus capitis cranialis
Origin: atlas
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: rotation and lateral flexion of head
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
obliquus capitis caudalis
Origin: axis
Insertion: occiput/ occipital bone
Action: extension and lateral flexion of head
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
splenius capitis
Origin: spinous process of cervical & thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
Action: rotate or movement of head & neck
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
longus capitis
Origin: transverse process of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: flexion of the head & neck
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
What are the muscles of the neck?
Brachiocephalicus
Cleidobrachialis
Cleidocephalicus
Omotransversarius
Sternocephalicus
Splenius capitis
Longus capitis
Logus colli
Scalenus dorsalis
Scalenus medius
Scalenus ventralis
Serratus ventralis cervicis
Brachiocephalicus
Origin: Clavicular tendon and humerus
Insertion: Neck
Action: Fixation of neck
Innervation: Accessory nerve
Cleidobrachialis
Origin: Clavicular tendon
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Draw the limb cranially; fix the neck
Innervation: Cervical spinal nerve
Omotransversarius
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Atlas & axis
Action: Draw the limb forward
Innervation: Accessory nerve
Sternocephalicus
Origin: Manubrium sterni
Insertion: temporal & occipital bone
Action: Lateral flexion of head & neck
Innervation: Cervical & accessory spinal nerve
Cleidocephalicus
Origin: Clavicular tendon
Insertion: Neck
Action: Draw the limb cranially; fix the neck
Innervation: Cervical spinal nerve
Splenius capitis
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
Longus capitis
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
Scalenus medius
Origin: C3 to C6 vertebra
Insertion: Ribs 3 & 4
Action: neck movement
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerve
Scalenus dorsalis
Origin: C3 to C6 vertebra
Insertion: 3rd to 9th rib
Action: neck movement
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerve
Longus colli
Origin: First six thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: 6th and 7th cervical vertebra & atlas
Action: Neck movement
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
Scalenus ventralis
Origin: C3 to C6 vertebra
Insertion: 1st rib
Action: neck movement
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerve
Serratus ventralis cervicis
Origin: Facies serrata
Insertion: last 5 cervical vertebrae
Action: supports the trunk
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
What are the extrinsic thoracic limb muscles?
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboideus cervicis
Rhomboideus capitis
Rhomboideus thoracis
Serratus dorsalis cranialis
Serratus dorsalis caudalis
Trapezius
Origin: Neck to thorax
Insertion: spine of scapula
Action: elevation of limb; draws it forward
Innervation: accessory nerve
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: thoracic to lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: humerus
Action: support & movement of the limb
Innervation: thoraccodorsal and pectorales caudales nerve
Rhomboideus cervicis
Origin: neck/ ligamentum nuchae
Insertion: scapula
Action: movement of limb
Innervation: cervical & thoracic spinal nerve
Rhomboideus capitis
Origin: neck & occipital bone
Insertion: scapula
Action: movement of limb
Innervation: cervical & thoracic spinal nerve
Rhomboideus thoracis
Origin: 4th to 7th thoracic vertebra
Insertion: scapula
Action: movement of limb
Innervation: cervical & thoracic spinal nerve
Serratus dorsalis cranialis
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia & thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: ribs 2-10
Action: lifts the rib for inspiration
Innervation: intercostal nerve
What are the erector spinae muscles - iliocostalis muscle?
Iliocostalis lumborum
Iliocostalis thoracis
Iliocostalis cervicis
Serratus dorsalis caudalis
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: 11th, 12th, & 13th rib
Action: draws the last 3 to 4 ribs caudally
Innervation: intercostal nerve
Iliocostalis lumborum
Origin: os coxae
Insertion: 10th to 13th rib
Action: fixation of vertebral column
Innervation: thoracic & lumbar nerve
Iliocostalis thoracis
Origin: illiocostalis lumborum
Insertion: ribs
Action: pulls the ribs caudally
Innervation: thoracic and lumbar nerve
Iliocostalis cervicis
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
Longissimus cervicis
Origin: longissimus thoracis
Insertion: ilium
Action: extend the neck
Innervation: thoracic nerve
What are the erector spinae muscles - longgissimus muscle?
Longissimus thoracis et lumborum
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus capitis
Longissimus atlantis
Longissimus thoracis et lumborum
Origin: thoracic and lumbar vertebra and ribs
Insertion: ilium to cervical vertebra
Action: extend the vertebral column
Innervation: thoracic and lumbar nerve
Longissimus capitis
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
Longissimus atlantis
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
What are the erector spinae muscles - spinalis muscles?
Spinalis thoracis
Spinalis cervicis
Spinalis thoracis
Origin: thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: thoracic vertebrae
Action: fixation of thoracic vertebrae and extend the neck
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerve
Spinalis cervicis
Origin: 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebra
Insertion: 2nd to 5th cervical vertebrae
Action: fixation of thoracic vertebrae and extend the neck
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerve
What are the transversospinalis muscle?
Semispinalis thoracis
Semispinalis cervicis
Semispinalis capitis
Biventer cervicis
Complexus
Multifidus
Rotatores
Semispinalis thoracis
Origin: thoracic vertebrae and logissimus thoracis
Insertion: C6 to T4
Action: FIxation of thoracic vertebrae and extend the neck
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerve
Semispinalis cervicis
Origin: semispinalis thoracis
Insertion: C2 to C3
Action: Fixation of thoracic vertebrae and extend the neck
Innervation: Cervical and thoracic spinal nerve
Semispinalis capitis
Origin: Semispinalis thoracis and cervicis
Insertion: occiput
Action: fixation of thoracic vertebrae and extend the neck
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
Biventer cervicis
Origin: Thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: raises the head and neck
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerve
Complexus
Origin: Biventer cervicis muscle
Insertion: T1 to T3
Action: extend the head and neck
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve
Rotatores
Origin: thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: thoracic vertebrae
Action: rotation of thoracic vertebral column
Innervation: thoracic spinal nerve
Multifidus
Origin: Sacrum to C2
Insertion: C7 to T8
Action: Fixation of the vertebral column
Innervation: thoracic spinal nerve
Interspinales
Origin: vertebra
Insertion: vertebra
Action: fixation of vertebral column
Innervation: spinal nerves
What are the interspinal muscles?
Interspinales
What are the intertransversarii muscles?
Intertransversarii muscles (Thoracis, dorsalis cervicis, medii cervicis)
What are the muscles of the thoracic wall?
Intercostales externi
Levatores costarum
Intercostales interni
Subcostales
Rectus thoracis
Retractor costae
Transversus thoracis
Intertransversarii muscles (Thoracis, dorsalis cervicis, medii cervicis)
Origin: Transverse process of vertebra
Insertion: Transverse process of vertebra
Action: lateral flexion & stabilization of spine
Innervation: spinal nerves
Levatores costarum
Origin: T1-T12
Insertion: rib
Action: inspiration
Innervation: intercostal nerve
Intercostales externi
Origin: Caudal border of rib
Insertion: cranial border of rib
Action:
Innervation: intercostal nerve
Intercostales interni
Origin: cranial border of rib
Insertion: caudal border of rib
Action:
Innervation: intercostal nerve
Subcostales
Origin: rib 9 to 11
Insertion: ribs
Action: draw the ribs together
Innervation: intercostal nerve
Rectus thoracis
Origin: 1st rib
Insertion: rib 2-4
Action: expiration
Innervation: intercostal nerve
Transversus thoracis
Origin: sternum
Insertion: sternum
Action: expiration
Innervation: intercostal nerve
Retractor costae
Origin:
Insertion:
Action: expiration
Innervation: intercostal nerve
What are the muscles of the abdominal wall?
Obliquus abdominis externus
Obliquus abdominis internus
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Cutaneous trunci
Preputialis
Supramammaricus
Obliquus abdominis externus
Origin: last few pairs of rib
Insertion: abdominal wall
Action: expiration; urination; parturition
Innervation: thoracic spinal and iliohypogastric and ilioinguinalis nerve
Obliquus abdominis internus
Origin: last 2 ribs and tuber coxae
Insertion: obliquus abdominis externus
Action: expiration; urination; parturition
Innervation: thoracic spinal and iliohypogastric and ilioinguinalis nerve
Transversus abdominis
Origin: last few pairs of rib and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: linea alba
Action: expiration; urination; parturition
Innervation: thoracic spinal and iliohypogastric and ilioinguinalis nerve
Rectus abdominis
Origin: linea alba
Insertion: costal cartilage to pecten of pubis
Action: expiration; urination; parturition
Innervation: thoracic spinal and iliohypogastric and ilioinguinalis nerve
Cutaneous trunci
Origin: gluteal area
Insertion: axillary region
Action: protective mechanism/ reflex
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerve
Preputialis
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
Supramammaricus
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
What are the muscles of the tail - levator ani?
Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis
Sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis
Sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis
Sacrocaudalis ventralis medialis
Intertransversarius dorsales caudae
Intertransversarius vetnralis caudae
Coccygeus
Levator ani
Iliocaudalis
Pubocaudalis
Rectococcygeus
Sphincter ani internus
Sphincter ani externus
Retractor penis/ Clitoridis
Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis
Origin: Sacrum
Insertion: caudal vertebrae
Action: levator of tail
Innervation: sacral and caudal nerve
Sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis
Origin: Sacrum
Insertion: caudal vertebrae
Action: levator of tail
Innervation: sacral and caudal nerve
Sacrocaudalis ventralis medialis
Origin: Sacrum
Insertion: caudal vertebrae
Action: depressor of tail
Innervation: sacral and caudal nerve
Sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis
Origin: Sacrum
Insertion: caudal vertebrae
Action: depressor of tail
Innervation: sacral and caudal nerve
Intertransversarius dorsales caudae
Origin: caudal vertebrae
Insertion: caudal vertebrae
Action: draws tail sideways
Innervation: sacral and caudal nerve
Intertransversarius vetnralis caudae
Origin: caudal vertebrae
Insertion: caudal vertebrae
Action: draws tail sideways
Innervation: sacral and caudal nerve
Pubocaudalis
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
Coccygeus
Origin: ischiatic spine and sacrotuberal ligament
Insertion: caudal vertebrae
Action: draws tail sideways
Innervation: sacral and caudal nerve
Levator ani
Origin: ilium and pelvis
Insertion: caudal vertebrae
Action: depressor of the tail
Innervation: sacral and caudal nerve
Retractor penis/ Clitoridis
Origin: caudal vertebrae
Insertion: paranal sinus
Action: retracts the penis or clitoris
Innervation: perineal nerve
Iliocaudalis
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
Sphincter ani externus
Origin: anus
Insertion: caudal vertebra
Action: aid in defection
Innervation: pelvic plexus
Rectococcygeus
Origin: rectum
Insertion: rectum
Action: aid in defecation
Innervation: pelvic plexus
Sphincter ani internus
Origin: pubic bone
Insertion: internal obturator
Action: aid in defecation
Innervation: pelvic plexus
Orbitales
Origin: Medial palpebral ligament/ maxilla
Insertion: lateral palpebral raphe
Action: close eyelid
Innervation: cranial nerve VII
Occipitalis
Origin: nuchal line
Insertion: Galea aponeurotica
Action: pull snout posteriorly and elevate eyebrows
Innervation: cranial nerve VII
