BASC107A Flashcards
Order of Horse
Perissodactyla
Grass eater origin of horse
Merychippus
Dawn horse; 55 million years ago
Eohippus
What age when horses were domesticated?
Bronze Age
One toed grazer
Pilohippus
Distinguishing characterisitics of Merychippus
Has large middle toe and grazers
Pilohippus has what evolutionary bone?
Splint bones
Chromosome number of Przewalski Horse
66/33 pairs
True horse
Equus
It means odd-toed ungulates
Perissodactyla
A condition where the middle toe is larger than other toes and the plane of symmetry of the foot passes through it.
Mesaxonic
Origin place of Wild Ass
Africa
Origin place of Zebra
Asia and Africa
What age when horses were used as a food source?
Stone Age
Heavily built and slower horses were domesticated in ___.
Europe
Period when horse is first used for labor.
2000 BCE
Place when horse is first used for labor.
Mesopotamia
Thoroughbreds were developed from the foundation of these sires.
The Byerly Turk, Darley Arabian, and Godolphin Barb
Horse breeds were attempted to improve during the ___th Century.
17th
Period when chariotry has decline
700 BC
He first brought horses to Mexico.
Cortez
He first brought horses into the interior of America.
De Soto
What year Cortez first brought horses in Mexico?
1519
What year De Soto first brought horses in America?
1539
Ability of rider to ride correctly
Equitation
Has smoky body color (Black and white hairs) has black mane, tail, and dorsal stripe
Grullo
Has reddish color and copper red mane and tale; usually has the same color with body, but may be flaxen.
Sorrel
Has Gradual lightening of the coat color over time due to presence of Gray Gene
Gray
Golden coat with white mane and tail; caused by Cream Dilution Gene.
Palomino
Coat color with a diluted yellowish body; has Dorsal Stripe; and usually zebra stripes on legs.
Dun
Yellowish/Gold coat with black points resulting from the Cream Dilution gene acting on a bay base color.
Buckskin
Often seen in combination with other dilution genes
Cream
Reddish Brown body with black points.
Bay
Form of dun with yellowish/flesh body color, red mane and tail; zebra stripes on legs.
Red Dun
Uniformly black coat without any brown or red tones.
Black
Light or pink skin and Blue Eyes, but has slightly darker colored mane, tail, and lower legs.
Perlino
Reddish Brown coat color with no black pigment.
Chestnut
Has light or pink skin over the body and has white/cream colored hair with Blue eyes.
Cremello
Mix of white and red hairs; black mane, tail, and lower legs.
Bay Roan
Dark color usually cover one or both flanks; Generally all four legs are white; Has oval shaped spots and Head markings of a solid colored horse
Tobiano
Usually white does not cross the back; Generally has dark legs; Has irregular, scattered, and splashy color, and has usually one tail color
Overo
Has dark pigment around ears and mouth; Have spots on chest, flank, and base of tail
Tovero
Narrow marking extending vertically between forehead and nostrils.
Strip
Rare striped pattern and unusual texture in horses that display streaks of dark color over a lighter color.
Brindle
Circular Patches of lighter color interspersed within the base coat.
Dapples
intermingling of white hairs with base coat color that creates a frosted appearance.
Roan
Vertical marking, uniform width extending the length of the face.
Blaze
Spotted coat pattern with distinct round or oval spots often on a white base called Blanket.
Appaloosa
Small white spots on the body; often seen in thoroughbreds.
Birdcatcher spots
Narrow marking above hoof
Coronet
White marking between 2 nostrils
Snip
A very wide blaze extends through the whole face.
Bald Face
Marking on forehead with strip and extends between the nostrils; may be connected
S, S, and S
Marking on the forehead with strip
Star and Strip
Any marking on the forehead
Star
Marking that includes the entire pastern
Pastern
Full marking to area of knee that extends to the hock
Stocking
Marking that extends from coronet, halfway to the knee
Sock
Marking above coronet
Half Pastern
Occurs when horses graze a pasture too heavily which prevents vegetation from recovering
Over Grazing
Occur when hind hood strikes the heel or lower leg of front hoof on same side
Overreaching
Refers to complete cycle of movement by a horse which involves all four limbs.
Stride
Horse at the walk will move its hind and front legs in a regular 1-2-3-4 beat. At any given time, the horse will have 2 to 3 hooves on the ground.
Footfall Sequence
Refers to distinct footfall patterns produced by horses’ legs as they move.
Beat
Refers to phase in gaits where all four limbs are suspended in the air or off the ground simultaneously.
Suspension
Originated from Vermont. Known for easy manageability and remarkable endurance.
Morgan
Originated from Spain. Color golden white, silver or ivory mane and tail.
Palomino
Should be solid colored w/o excessive white markings. Known for its floating trot and excellent balance.
Trakehner
Came from England, developed as running horse. Known for its use in horse racing due to their speed, agility, and spirit.
Thoroughbred
Came from United states brought by spanish conquistadors. Color half of bay, brown, chestnut, with white spots.
Pinto Horse
Originated from Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado. Well muscled and powerfully build, considered the most versatile.
Quarter Horse
Originated from Fayette County, Kentucky. Saddle, pleasure, stock, and fine harness.
Saddlebred
Originated from the United States, Color white, may be Overo and Tobiano.
Paint Horse
Known for its dished face, finely chiseled bone structure, arched neck, and high carried tail. Also known for speed, refinement, and endurance
Arabian
Running-walk is distinctive to the breed.
Tennessee Walking Horse
Came from Palouse River, Idaho and Washington. Pleasure, race, and know for its spotted coat
Appaloosa
Noble horse that has elastic gaits and cooperative temperament.
Hanoverian
Color chestnut varies from light to dark with no white. Has excellent deposition. Used in farm work
Suffolk
Has wide, deep, low set bodies. Small head but powerful shoulders and hind legs. Used for exhibition purposes, special attraction, and farm work. One of the most popular draft breeds in the United States
Belgian
Heavy feathering of feet, well muscled with an arching neck and tail withers.
Clydesdale
Color bay with few or no white markings. Used for dressage, jumping, and driving.
Holsteiner
Common issue in horses where hind hood strikes underside of front hoof on the same side.
Forging
Basis and foundation of all gaits. Slowest, steadiest, and most comfortable gait. Is a four beat movement where each hoof hits the ground independently.
Walk
Is the fastest horse gait. Four-beat gait primarily used in racing and in situations requiring speed.
Gallop
Is a three-beat movement, faster than trot but slower than gallop. Has distinct rhythm and is often used in everyday riding.
Canter
Is a steady two-beat movement. Horse moves its legs in diagonal pairs. A versatile gait used for training, exercise, and known for its bounce.
Trot
General term for horse equipment used in riding and driving horses.
Tack
This pony came from Mason City, Iowa, Similar to appaloosa.
Pony of the America
This pony came from Wales, UK. Color black, gray, bay, roan, cream, chestnut.
Welsh Pony
Came from Hackney, England. Color chestnut, bay, brown, and white markings are desirable.
Hackney
This pony originated from Europe. Very friendly and alert.
Miniature Pony
Originated from Shetland Isles, Scotland. Color black, dark brown, bay, chestnut and spotted.
Shetland Pony
This kind of horse barn is specifically designed for different purposes such as
Broodmare & Foaling Barn
Stallion Barn & Paddock
Large Horse Establishments
This kind of horse barn is when one or two riding horses or ponies are kept.
Small Horse Establishment
Place where mares may be handled and serviced under sanitary conditions.
Breeding Shed and Corral
Horses kept in ___ even in colder areas are healthier and suffer fewer respiratory diseases.
Open sheds
Are dry, sanitary, and well bedded.
Weanling & Yearling Quarters
Type of bridle used when riding a horse without a bit. Works through use of pressure on horse’s face, nose, and chin.
Hackamores
Most important part of bridle, to secure this within the horse’s mouth w/c provides communication of horse and rider.
Bits
Are essential equipment to provide comfort for both the horse and the rider.
Saddles
Cheek strap
Bridles
Broad strap material attached by buckles to billet strips of saddle.
Girth
Used in the same direction as hair growth on mane and tail.
Comb
To clean out hooves by removing stones, and other stuff that gets stuck beneath the hoof
Hoof picks
For rider’s safety which provides stability and allows rider to steer horse effectively and perform complex movements like jumping.
Stirrups
Used on a slender-bodied horse to keep saddle from slipping to the rear
Breast collar
Crucial equipment which serves as protection for horse back and for additional comfort.
Saddle Pad
To bring dirt to the surface of the coat. Use in small circular sections all over the body.
Curry Comb
To remove dirt from coat and make coat shine. Used in a flicking action along the body hair growth.
Brushes
To remove excess water from the coat. Scrape in the same direction as hair growth pattern
Sweat Scraper
