ANAT101A MIDTERMS Flashcards
1
Q
Basic structural and functional unit of life
A
Cell
2
Q
Sum total of physical and chemical processes
A
Metabolism
3
Q
Constructive phase of metabolism
A
Anabolism
4
Q
Destructive phase of metabolism
A
Catabolism
5
Q
All cells in the body except sperm and egg
A
Somatic cells
6
Q
Sperm cell and egg cell are ___ cells.
A
Germ cells
7
Q
Resting phase of cell division
A
Interphase
8
Q
Part of interphase where the DNA is being synthesized
A
S phase
9
Q
Part of interphase where the cell is ready to enter cell division
A
G2 phase
10
Q
Part of interphase where it covers all the events before the actual DNA synthesis
A
G1 phase
11
Q
What phase is the condensation of nuclear materials?
A
Prophase
12
Q
Phase where sister chromatid will attach to spindle fibers of opposite poles
A
Anaphase
13
Q
In prophase, nuclear materials become larger and lighter. True or False?
A
False
14
Q
Nuclear membrane dissolves in prophase while nucleolus doesn’t. True or False?
A
False
15
Q
It is a cell part contained within nucleus and contains RNA.
A
Nucleolus
15
Q
What plane do chromosomes ligned up at metaphase?
A
Equatorial Plane
16
Q
How many dadughter cells are formed in the whole cell division phase (mitosis)?
A
Two daughter cells
17
Q
It is the division of nucleus.
A
Karyokinesis
18
Q
What phase does karyokinesis occur?
A
Anaphase
19
Q
It is the division of cytoplasm.
A
Cytokinesis
20
Q
What phase/s does cytokinesis occur?
A
Late prophase to telophase
20
Q
Nuclear barrier limiting the passage of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm.
A
Nuclear membrane
21
Q
Type of endoplasmic reticulum that synthesizes lipid, steroid, and carbohydrate.
A
SER
21
Q
It synthesizes, protein, lipid, steroid and carbohydrates.
A
Endoplasmic reticulum
22
Principal barrier regulating inflow/outflow of cytoplasmic activities.
Cell membrane
23
Cell wall is more ridgid than cell membrane. True or False?
True
24
Helps in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division.
Centriole
24
It contains DNA
Nucleus
25
Mitochondrion produces ATP through?
Krebs Cycle
26
Packaging center of cell
Golgi apparatus
27
Cell part that synthesizes protein.
Ribosomes
28
It contains DNA
Chromosome
29
These parts synthesize protein except:
1. RER
2. Bounded Ribosomes
3. SER
4. RNA
5. Free Ribosomes
SER
30
Type of ribosome suspended in cytoplasm.
Free ribosomes
31
Type of ribosome attached on the wall of RER.
Bounded ribosomes
32
Vacuole is storage for ___ and ___.
Starches and glycogen.
33
Large central vacuole is usually present in animal cell. True or False?
False
34
When vacuole is present in animal cell, it serves to store what?
Minerals, proteins, and pigments
35
Type of ribosome intended for external use.
Bounded ribosomes
36
Bounded ribosome exits the cell in the form of ___.
Protein hormone
36
It contains the cell organelles.
Cytoplasm
37
It is the study of normal body parts.
Anatomy
38
It is the study of normal body functions.
Physiology
39
Methods and techniques applied in animal production
Zootechniques
39
An aggregate/ group of cells with similar and coordinated functions from body tissues.
Tissues
39
The study of microbes
Microbiology
39
There can be no organism without?
Cells
40
Give the five microbes that have uncertain taxonomic classification.
Mycoplasma, ureaplasma, ricketsia, anaplasma, and chlamydia
40
The study of parasites
Parasitology
41
The five microbes that have uncertain taxonomic classification are usually treated by ___.
Tetracycline
42
The study of reflections of body responses to injuries
Pathology
43
Father of physiology
William Harvey
43
Nature, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of animal diseases.
Medicine and surgery
43
The study of drugs
Pharmacology
44
Father of veterinary medicine
Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus
45
Father of taxonomy
Carolus Von Linnaeus
45
Father of modern bacteriology
Robert Koch
46
Grandfather of pharmacology
Paracelsus
47
Discovered the double helical stand of DNA
Watson and Crick
47
Father of comparative anatomy
Andreas Vesalius
48
Father of modern pathology
Rudolf Virchow
49
Discovered cells
Robert Hooke
49
Father of modern microbiology
Louis Pasteur
49
Father of evolution
Charles Darwin
50
Father of modern parasitology
Rudolf Leuckart
50
Father of embryology
Karl Earns von Baer
51
Proponents of cellular theory of life
Matthias Schleiden
Theodore Schwann
52
What is the first antibiotic?
Salvarsan/Compound 606
53
Salvarsan/Compound 606 is used to treat?
Syphilis
54
Father of human anatomy
Galen/Galenus Von Perganon
55
Who made the first antibiotic?
Paul Ehrlich
56
Why is William Harvey the father of physiology?
He discovered blood circulation
57
Date when cells were discovered
1665
58
Penicillin is for what type of bacteria?
Gram + bacteria
59
Date when the double helical strand of DNA was discovered
1953
60
Date when the first antibiotic was discovered
1910
61
Selman Waksman made what medicinal compound?
Streptomycin
62
Streptomycin is for what type of bacteria?
Gram - bacteria
62
Date when blood circulation was discovered
1628
63
Nowadays, ___ is used rather than streptomycin.
Gentamycin/Gentamicin
64
Nowadays, ___ is used rather than penicillin.
Vancomycin
65
Matthias Schleiden is a botanist. True or False?
True
66
Branch of natural science which deals with animal parts.
Veterinary Anatomy
67
Sub-branch of veterinary anatomy which deals with the interrelationships between anatomical forms and body functions.
Morphophysiology
68
Sub-branch of veterinary anatomy which deals with the forms and structures of animals.
Morphology
68
Branch of veterinary anatomy that deals with embryonic and fetal development of organisms.
Embryology
69
Sub-branch of veterinary anatomy which deals with the anatomical forms emphasized in distinguishing characteristics.
Morphoanatomy
70
Study of visceral organs
Splanchnology
70
Branch of veterinary anatomy that deals with animal parts visible to the eye
Macroscopic/Gross Anatomy
71
Study of circulatory system
Angiology
72
Study of bones
Osteology
72
Study of special senses
Aethesiology
73
Study of nervous structures
Neurology
74
Study of joins and articulations
Arthrology
74
Study of muscles
Myology
75
Other term for frontal plane of section
Coronal/Dorsal plane
76
Other term for sagittal plane of section
Tangential
77
Other term for transverse plane of section
Horizontal/Cross-sectional
78
Other term for longitudinal median plane of section
Mid-sagittal
79
Topographical term pertaining to the lower side
Ventral
80
Topographical term pertaining to parts facing the head
Anterior/cranial
81
Topographical term pertaining to cranial end of the head
Rostral
82
Topographical term pertaining to the parts facing the tail
Posterior/caudal
83
Topographical term pertaining to the head
Cephalic
84
Topographical term pertaining to the upper side
Dorsal
85
Topographical term pertaining to the parts facing the tail
Posterior/caudal
86
Topographical term pertaining to limbs/extremities away from the midline
Distal
87
Topographical term pertaining to limbs/extremities’ surface near the midline
Medial
88
Topographical term pertaining to limbs/extremities near the midline
Proximal
89
Topographical term pertaining to limbs/extremities’ surface far from the midline
Lateral
90
Topographical term pertaining to internal organ’s uppermost
Superior
91
Topographical term pertaining to internal organ’s undermost/under parts toward the tail
Inferior
92
Topographical term pertaining to solid organ’s outer/peripheral region
Superficial/Optical/Cortex
93
Topographical term pertaining to solid organ’s inner/central region
Medulla/Medullary
94
Dorsal surface of manus and pes
Volar
95
Ventral surface of manus
Palmar
96
Ventral surface of pes
Plantar
97
Teeth surface facing the tongue/inside
Lingual
98
Teeth surface facing the lips/outside
Labial
99
Top surface of teeth
Occlusal
100
Chromosome number of rat
42
101
Chromosome number of donkey
62
102
Chromosome number of pig
38
103
Chromosome number of rabbit
44
104
Chromosome number of hen
77
105
Chromosome number of rooster
78
106
Chromosome number of sheep
54
107
Chromosome number of horse
64
108
Chromosome number of goldfish
94
109
Chromosome number of hamster
44
110
Chromosome number of mouse
40
111
Chromosome number of cattle
60
112
Chromosome number of goat
60
113
Chromosome number of dog
78
114
Chromosome number of cat
38
115
Chromosome number of elephant
56
116
Chromosome number of dove
16
117
Chromosome number of barbary sheep
58
118
Chromosome number of guinea pig
16
119
Chromosome number of mule
63
120
Chromosome number of hinny
63
121
Any concavities from the surface of the bone
Depression
122
Any holes on the bone
Perforation
123
Any projecting/protruding part from the surface of bone
Prominence/Eminence/Projection
123
Give the bones that are classified as non-articular depressions.
Fossa, groove, sulcus, impression
124
Give the bones that are classified as articular projections.
Head, condyle, facet
125
Give the bones that are classified as non-articular projections.
Tuberosity, tubercle, trochanter, spine, line, crest, ridge
126
Applied to articular surfaces of small extent, specially when they are not extremely concave or condensed.
Facet
126
Give the bones that are classified as articular depressions.
Trochlea, glenoid cavity, cotyloid cavity/acetabulum, fovea
127
Large round non-articular projection that is usually prominent/found in large animal's humerus.
Tuberosity
128
Found at the end of the femur and applied to few non-articular prominence.
Trochanter
129
Articular eminence that is somewhat cylindrical.
Condyle
130
Small rounded non-articular projection and is usually prominent, found in small animals' humerus.
Tubercle
130
Line and crest are classified as ___.
Ridges
130
Rounded articular enlargement at the end of the bone.
Head
131
Pointed non-articular projection found at the vertebrae and is most prominent.
Spine
132
A classification of ridges that is prominent and sharp.
Crest
133
A shallow articular depression in contrast to cotyloid cavity.
Glenoid cavity
134
Refers to small or very small ridge found at the medial aspect of the scapula.
Line
134
Found at the distal extremity of femur and and is pully-like structure.
Trochlea
135
Glenoid cavity articulates with what particular bone?
Head of the humerus
136
These are non-articular depressions found usually at a portion of the skull and brain.
Sulcus
137
Patella is connected to what bone?
Trochlea
137
A deeper articular depression that articulates with the head of the femur.
Cotyloid/Acetabulum
138
Small depression on the head of the femur.
Fovea
138
A long non-articular depression and present in the proximal to distal extremities of the rib.
Groove
139
Ridges/projections in between sulci
Gyrus/Gyri
139
A large non-articular depression.
Fossa
140
Depression formed by mechanical compression.
Impression
140
Sulci can be present without gyuri. True or False?
False
141
Shorter, relatively small opening/perforation
Foramen
141
A larger opening or perforation
Fissure
142
Longer perforation or opening
Canal
143
A collecting ridge or projection
Jugum/Juga
143
Constricted part which connects the head to the main body/shaft of the bone.
Neck
143
A constricted part connecting a process to the body or arch to the body of bones.
Notch
144
A hollow boney structure
Bulla/Bullae
145
Pertains to the ends/extremities of the bone.
Epiphysis
145
Body/shaft of bone
Diaphysis
146
Site of growth of the bone
Epiphyseal plate
147
Epiphyseal plate is made up of?
Hyaline cartilage
147
Junction between diaphysis and epiphysis.
Metaphysis
148
What is the growth hormone?
Somatotropin
149
It secretes growth hormone.
Pars-distalis of adenohypophysis
150
Part of bone that houses the bone marrow
Medullary cavity
151
Inner lining of bone
Endosteum
152
Outer lining of bone
Periosteum
152
Bone marrow is the principal site for ___.
Haemopoiesis/blood cell formation
153
This is the stem cell responsible for blood cell formation.
Pleuripotential haemapoietic stem cell (PHSC)
154
These are the two stem cells derived from PHSC.
Myloid stem cell and lymphoid stem cell.
155
Myloid stem cell is responsible for the production of?
RBC, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets
155
Lymphoid stem cell is responsible for the production of?
Lymphocytes
155
Granulocytes are further divided into?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
155
Hard bone tissue
Compact bone
155
It lies to the epiphyseal ends.
Articular cartilages
155
In young mammals, ___ bones is responsible for RBC formation.
Long
155
Perforation or opening that allows nutrients to enter the bone.
Nutrient foramen
155
This is the division of skeletal system pertaining to anterior and posterior limbs.
Appendicular skeleton
155
Splanchnic skeleton anomaly in female cats.
Os clitoridis
155
Axial skeleton is composed of?
Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
155
Soft-spongy bone tissue
Cancellous bone
155
Red bone marrow becomes ___ in adult mammals.
Fatty tissues
155
In adult mammals, ___ bones is responsible for RBC formation.
Flat
155
Os clitoridis occurs because of ___ in cats.
Hormonal imbalance
155
This is the division of skeletal system pertaining to the bones in visceral/internal organs.
Splanchnic skeleton
155
This is a classification of bone that diffuses concussions.
Short bones
155
This is a classification of bone that acts as levers.
Long bones
155
This is the division of skeletal system pertaining to the bones situated along the longitudinal axis of the body.
Axial skeleton
155
Patella belongs to what classification of bone?
Sesamoid bones
155
Aortic fibrous ring of heart of ox and cattle
Os cordis
155
This is a classification of bone that has varied functions.
Irregular bones
155
Bone in dog's penis
Os penis/Baculum
156
Splanchnic skeleton in snout of pigs.
Os rostri
156
Give an example of irregular bones.
Vertebrae and bones of caudal base of skull
156
Generally, long bones have ___ and ___.
Epiphysis and diaphysis
156
This is a classification of bone that is hollow connected to the mammals and avian respiratory system.
Pneumatic Bone
156
This is a classification of bone that provides large area for muscle attachment.
Flat bones
156
This bone is well-developed in animals. (Hint: bone in pectoral girdle)
Scapula
156
Proximal carpal is composed of ___, ___, and ___.
Radial carpal, ulnar carpal and accessory carpal
156
Collective bone in shoulder
Pectoral girdle
156
This bone allows one to grasp
Clavicle
156
Manus is composed of ___, ___, and ___.
Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
156
These bones can be found in arm.
Humerus
156
Distal carpal is composed of ___, ___, ___, and ___.
C1, C2, C3, and C4
156
This bone can be rudimentary or absent in mammals.
Coracoid
156
Other term for accessory carpal
Pisiforme
156
Other term for radial carpal
Scaphoid
156
This bone can be found in arm.
Humerus
156
Other term for ulnar carpal
Triovetrum
156
Bones in true leg
Tibia and fibula
156
Other term for C3
Os capitatum
156
Other term for C1
Trapezium
156
Os hametum is carpal number?
C4
156
Femur is somehow connected to patella. True or False?
False, it is directly connected.
156
Other term for pelvic girdle
Os coxae
156
Other term of C2
Trapezoideum
156
Os cuneiform laterale is for T_?
T3
156
Ilium, ischium, and pubis is situated along what region of the body?
Pelvic region
157
Proximal tarsal is composed of?
Tibial tarsal, fibular tarsal, and central tarsal
157
Bone in thigh
Femur
157
Distal tarsal is composed of?
T1, T2, T3,T4
157
Os aboideum is for T_?
T4
157
Pes is composed of ___, ___, and ___.
Tarsal, metatarsals, and phalanges.
157
Os cuneiform mediate is for T_?
T1
157
Os cuneiform intermedium is for T_?
T2
157
Frontal is unpaired bone in skull. True or False?
False
157
Paired bones in facial part are premaxilla, vomer, nasal, maxilla, and dorsal and ventral nasal conchae. True or False?
False
157
Give the 5 unpaired bones of the skull.
Basioccipital, supraoccipital, ethmoid, interparietal, basisphenoid.
157
Give the 4 paired bones of the skull.
Exoccipital, parietal, frontal and temporal.
157
Formula of vertebral column.
C7-T13-L7-S3-CD6 to 23
157
Tail vertebrae
Caudal vertebrae
157
Neck vertebrae
Cervical vertebrae
157
Croup vertebra
Sacral vertebrae
157
Other term for conchae
Turbinate
157
Other term for scapula
Blade bone/scapula bone
157
Back vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
157
Forms the lateral wall of thorax
Ribs
157
Thorax is composed of?
Ribs and sternum
157
Forms the ventral wall of thorax
Sternum
157
Other term for clavicle
Collar bone/Wish bone/Furcula
157
Clavicle is well developed in sea mammals. True or False?
False
157
Articulates proximally with glenoid cavity of scapula.
Humerus
158
Scapula is flat circular bone at the top of the shoulder. True or False?
False, it is flat triangular bone.
158
Other term for humerus
Clod bone
158
Radius is longer than ulna. True or False?
False
158
Strongest bone for flight
Coracoid
158
Coracoid is a stout bone. True or False?
True
158
Articulates distally with radius and ulna
Humerus
159
There are 3 carpals and 4 distal carpals in dogs. True or False?
True
159
This is also called round bone.
Femur
160
There are only 4 metacarpals in dogs. True or False?
False, 5.
160
Cranio-ventral bone of os coxae
Pubis
161
Caudo-dorsal bone of os coxae
Ischium
162
There are 4 proximal, 4 middle, and 5 phalanx in phalanges of dogs. True or False?
False, 5 proximal.
162
Femur articulates distally with?
Patella and tibia
163
Largest and cranial most bone of os coxae
Ilium
164
Articulates proximally with os coxae
Femur
165
Ilium:Haunch/Hook::Ischium:Pin
---Correct or wrong
Correct
166
Larger and medial bone of the leg or crus
Tibia
166
Shorter and lateral bone of crus
Fibula
167
The 5th metatarsal in dogs is almost rudimentary.
False, 1st metatarsal
167
Other term for fibula
Brooch bone
168
A cavity in the substance of bone that communicates with the nostril and contain air.
Sinus
169
These are slightly movable joints.
Amphiarthroses
169
Phalanges is almost same with manus, except for?
Phalanx 1
169
A joint between the skulls that is classified as synarthrose.
Suture
169
Paranasal sinuses are found in?
Maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal, sphenoidal
170
The ventral wall of a cavity
Floor
170
The lateral boundaries of a cavity
Wall
170
A hollow or potential space within the body, or on of its organs
Cavity
170
What are the classification of joints in the body?
Synarthroses, diarthroses, and amphiarthroses
170
The dorsal wall of a cavity
Roof
170
Fixed or immovable joint
Synarthroses
170
Mandibular and pelvic symphysis are classified as what type of joint?
Synarthroses
171
Study of joints and articulation
Arthrology/Syndesmology
172
Atlanto-axial joint
Trochoid/pivot joint
172
What is an example of amphiarthroses?
Intercentral vertebral joint
172
Teeth articulation on alveoli of mandible and maxilla that is classified as synarthroses
Gomphosis
172
Atlanto-occipital joint
Ginglymus/hinge joint
172
Joint in the intercarpals
Arthrodia/gliding joint
173
This is the joint located in the scapular articulation on head of humerus and os coxae articulation on head of femur.
Enathroses/ball and socket joint
174
Classifications of muscle
Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles
175
Striated and voluntary muscle
Skeletal muscle
175
Striated and involuntary muscle
Cardiac muscle
176
Gallbladder falls under what type of muscle?
Smooth muscle
177
Non-striated and involuntary
Smooth muscle
178
Involuntary muscles are controlled by?
Autonomic nervous system
179
The involuntary muscle movement that moves food through your gastrointestinal tract.
Peristalsis
179
Voluntary muscles are controlled by?
Central nervous system
179
Why is there muscle striations?
Presence of light and dark bands in muscle fiber
180
What is the muscle responsible for the erection of skin hairs?
Arrector Pili Muscle
181
Bronchi is what type of muscle?
Smooth muscle
181
It covers individual muscle fiber/myofibrils.
Endomysium
181
Moves body part toward mid-line
Adductor
182
It raises a body part.
Levator
183
It covers the entire muscle
Epimysium
183
It covers the fascicles which are made up of packs of individual muscle fibers.
Perimysium
184
Bends limb at its joint
Flexor
185
Rotates palmar/plantar aspect downward
Pronator
185
Straightens a limb/increase joint angle
Extensor
185
Rotates palmar/plantar aspect upward
Supinator
186
Moves body part away from the midline
Abductor
187
Bends limb at its joint
Flexor
187
Lowers body part
Depressor
187
Turns a body part on its axis found near the joints
Rotator
188
Fixed portion of the muscle
Origin
188
Movable portion of the muscle
Insertion
189
Muscles opposing prime mover
Antagonist
190
Muscles that holds scapula firmly in place
Fixator
190
Enumerate fixators
Rhomboids and trapezius
190
Muscle directly responsible for desired body movement
Prime mover
191
Supports action of prime mover
Synergist
192
1 origin and 3 or more insertions
Multipennate
193
Have tapering ends forming leaf shape
Fusiform
194
Biceps and rectus thoracis are arranged in?
Fusiform
194
Has equal dimension with its insertion
Parallel
195
Has broad origin and single tendon for insertion
Convergent
196
Give the muscles with multipennate arrangement
Deltoideus and multifudus muscle
197
1 origin and 2 insertion
Bipennate
198
Rectus femoris and caninus are in what arrangement?
Bipennate
199
1 origin and 1 insertion
Unipennate
200
Give the muscles with parallel arrangement
Latissimus dorsi and abdominal muscle
201
Muscle is round shaped and surrounds body opening
Circular
202
Digital extensor is arranged in?
Unipennate
202
Example of muscle with circular arrangement
Orbicularis oculi
203
Example of muscle with convergent arrangement
Pectoralis
204
Greek terms are usually used in naming muscles. True or False?
False
205
Facial muscles
Sphincter colli superficialis
Platysma
Sphincter colli profundus
206
Pars oralis muscles
Orbicularis oris
Incisivus superioris et inferioris
Maxillonasolabialis
Caninus
Buccinators: pars bucalis (dorsal part), pars molaris (ventral part)
207
Deep facial muscles
Stapedius
Digastricus
Stylohyoideus (absent in Beagles)
Jugulohyoideus
208
Tongue muscles
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
N. propia linguae
208
Other facial muscles
Frontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Tetractor anguli oculi lateralis
Levator anguli oculi medialis
Zygomaticus
Palpebral muscle
209
Masticatory muscles
Masseter
Temporalis
Pterygoideus medialis et lateralis
210
Pharyngeal muscles
Hyopharyngeus
Thyropharyngeus
Cricopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Pterypharyngeus
211
Eyeball muscles
Levator palpebrae superioris (palpebrae/eyelid)
Superior oblique (obliquus dorsalis)
Inferior oblique (obliquus ventralis)
Retractor bulbi
Rectus/straight muscles (rectus dorsalis, ventralis, lateralis, medialis)
211
Muscles of soft palate
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatinus
212
Laryngeal muscles
Cricothyroideus
Thyroarytenoideus
Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis et lateralis
Vocalis
Ventricularis
Arytenoideus transversus
Hyoepiglotticus
213
External ear muscles
Scutuloauricularis superficialis, dorsalis, medius, accessorius
Zygomaticoauricularis
Interscutularis
Tragihelicinus
Parotidoauricularis
Cervicoscutularis
Cervicoauricularis superficialis
Cervicoauricularis profundus major et minor
Occipitalis
Interparietoscutularis
Interparietoauricularis
Obliqui and transversi auriculae
214
Hyoid apparatus muscles
Sternohyoideus
Thyrohyoideus
Mylohyoideus
Ceratohyoideus
Geniohyoideus
