ANAT101B FINALS Flashcards
Responsible for the intake and digestion of food and water, the absorption of nutrients, and the elimination of solid waste products.
Digestive System
4 LAYERS OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia/Serosa
3 sub-layers of Tunica Mucosa
Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis mucosae
This is the plexus that controls intestinal secretions, local absorption and contraction.
Submucosal plexus
Other term for submucosal plexus
Meissener’s Plexus
What is the space external to the teeth and gums and internal to the lips and cheeks?
Vestibule
This is the plexus that regulates gut movement and peristalsis.
Myenteric Plexus
Other term for myenteric plexus
Auerbach’s Plexus
Hairless part surrounding the part of the nose.
Rhinarium
These are the hairs located on the superior lip and adjacent dorsal part of the muzzle.
Tactile hairs
Mechanical and Chemical digestion begins in the ___.
Mouth
Deep straight narrow cleft which marks the union of 2 halves of superior lip rostrally.
Philtrum
Forms the caudal portion of lateral walls of vestibular cavity.
Buccae/cheeks
Opening that drains the sublingual and mandibular ducts located rostroventral to the tongue.
Sublingual caruncle
Highly specialized structures that serves for procuring, cutting, and crushing of food, as well as social interaction.
Teeth
These are the incisive ducts on both sides of the mouth (?)
Incisive Papilla
Permanent stage of incisors
Answer in months.
3-5 months
First set of teeth that develops in mammals.
Deciduous teeth
Two sets of teeth develop sequentially.
Diphyodont
Also called cheek tooth between molars and canine.
Premolar
Deciduous stage of canines.
Answer in weeks.
3 weeks
Deciduous stage of incisors
Answer in weeks.
3-4 weeks
Deciduous stage of premolars.
Answer in weeks.
2-12 weeks
Permanent stage of premolars
Answer in months.
4-6 months
Deciduous stage of molars.
Answer in weeks.
None
Permanent stage of canines
Answer in months
4-6 months
Formula of teeth
2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3)
Permanent stage of molars
Answer in months.
5-7 months
___ extends from the isthmus of the fauces to the base of the epiglottis.
Oropharynx
Front teeth used for cutting
Incisors
Type of hypsodont in which apices of tooth remain open for a significant part of the patient’s life leading to continuous growth.
Radicular hypsodont
Also called Fang and Cuspid
Canine
Classification of teeth that grows continuously.
Hypsodont
Most caudal tooth; Permanent tooth for grinding food
Molar
Classification of teeth relatively smaller crowns and well developed roots.
Brachydont
Small bumps on the incisors
Mamelons
Portion of the pharynx that lies dorsal to the larynx
Laryngopharynx
Type of hypsodont in which it lacks a true root and grows continuously throughout the animal’s life.
Aradicular Hypsodont
Convex protuberance at cervical third of anatomical crown
Cingulum
Point where multiple roots branch off from the trunk.
Furcation
Last upper premolar and first lower molar
Carnassial Sectorial Teeth
Three types of saliva secretion
Serous (watery)
Mucus (viscous)
Mixed
Layer of esophagus that blends with the deep cervical fascia dorsally
Fibrous (Adventitia)
What are the minor salivary glands?
Labial Gland
Buccal Gland
Molar Gland
Palatine Gland
Lingual Gland
What are the major salivary glands?
Parotid Gland
Mandibular Gland
Monostomatic & Polystomatic Sublingual Gland
Zygomatic Gland
Formerly called Pharyngeal isthmus or Pharyngeal chiasma. Opening of the nasal pharynx into the laryngopharynx
Intrapharyngeal opening
Passageway for both digestive and respiratory system
Pharynx
Orifice between the oral cavity and the oral part of the pharynx
Isthmus of the fauces
Pharynx respiratory portion dorsal to the soft palate and extends from the choanae of the nasal cavity
Nasal Pharynx
First part of the alimentary canal. Connecting tube between the pharynx and stomach.
Esophagus
Prevents backflow of highly acidic compounds of stomach into the esophagus
Cardiac Sphincter
Largest cavity in the body
Abdominal cavity
Part of the trunk that extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis.
Abdomen
Double-layered connecting peritoneum that links the stomach to the abdominal wall or other organs.
Omentum
Forms the lining wall of the peritoneal cavity.
Peritoneum
Suspends the intestines from the abdominal wall.
Mesentery
Dorsal mesogastrium that has been elongated into a large fold between the stomach. (Epiploon).
Greater Omentum
Greater portion of the lesser omentum that passes from the liver to the stomach.
Hepatogastric ligament
The right border of the lesser omentum that goes to the duodenum from the liver.
Hepatoduodenal Ligament
Largest derivative of the mesogastrium but is not nearly as voluminous or as complex as is the greater omentum.
Lesser omentum
Transient folds of gastric mucosa, which allows the stomach to expand when it is filled with food and increase the surface area for absorption.
Rugae
Largest dilatation of the alimentary canal
Stomach
Principal site for digestion and absorption
Small intestine
Extends from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the beginning of the large intestine
Small intestine
Largest section of the stomach
Body
Tissue that produces a protective layer of mucus.
Simple columnar epithelium
Section of stomach that has mucous glands that secrete a thick layer of alkaline mucous.
Cardia
Pylorus has ___ sphincter.
Pyloric
Section of stomach where the rugae is prominent
Fundus
___ is stored in ___ before being poured into the descending portion of the duodenum.
Bile, gallbladder
Short and unspecialized. Most important function is the dehydration of its fecal content
Large intestine
Largest gland in the body. Has both exocrine and endocrine function.
Liver
The caudate lobe of the liver has ___ and ___ processes.
Papillary and caudate processes
Part of the face rostral to the frontal region and dorsal to the infraorbital, buccal, and oral regions.
Nose
The ___ system uses the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and smaller passageways to bring air to the alveoli or sites of gaseous exchange within the lungs.
Respiratory
Vomeronasal organ. Located on the rostral base of the nasal septum. Plays a role on the olfactory and sexual behavior of the patient. Identification and recognition of Pheromones (Flehmen response).
Jacobson’s Organ
Known as the voice box. Serves as passageway for air, vocalization, and prevents inspiration of foreign material.
Larynx
External openings of the respiratory tube, and they lead into the nasal passages.
Nostrils (Nares)
Bifurcation of trachea
Tracheal Carina
Parts of the kidneys
Renal Hilus
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Renal Pelvis
Extends between the cavity of the middle ear and the cavity of the nasopharynx.
Auditory Tube/ Eustachian Tube
The ___ system’s chief function is to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids and excrete unwanted material.
Urinary
Known as “Windpipe”. Short wind tube that extends from the larynx down through the neck region into the thorax, where it divides into the two main bronchi that enter the lungs.
Trachea
Renal corpuscle is consists of?
Bowman’s capsule
Except for the ___ main bronchi, all the structures of the lower portion of the respiratory tract are located within the lungs.
(Answer in numbers)
2
Left lung has __ lobes, while right lung has __ lobes. (Answer in numbers)
2, 4
Basic functional structure of kidney. Smallest part of the kidney that can carry out its basic function.
Nephrons
This organ facilitates the production of urine to facilitate the elimination of metabolic waste materials.
Kidneys
Collects filtrate from glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Filters blood from afferent arteriole.
Glomerulus
What are the renal tubules?
Proximal convoluted and straight tubules, loop of henle, Distal convoluted and straight tubules.
Renal tubules that reabsorbs glucose and amino acids.
Proximal Tubules
Renal tubule that reabsorbs water
Loop of Henle
Tube that exits the kidney at the hilus and connects to the urinary bladder near the neck of the bladder at its caudal end.
Ureters
Renal tubules – target sight for diuretic agents and antidiuretic hormones including vasopressin and aldosterone.
Distal Tubules
Layers of ureters
Fibrous layer: Outer layer
Muscular layer: Middle layer
Epithelial layer: Inner layer
Collects and stores urine
Urinary bladder
Components of male genital system
Scrotum
Testes
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Spermatic cords
Prostate glands
Penis
Urethra
Other terms for urination
Micturition, Uresis
___ is located at the neck of the bladder which is lined with stretch receptor muscles.
Trigone
A network of veins within the spermatic cords that drain the testes.
Pampiniform plexus
Reproductive and urinary systems have different embryological origin. True or False?
False, different embryological orgin
The root of the penis is made up of ___.
Crura
External pouch that encloses and supports the testes. Helps regulate the temperature of the testes. The testes have to be kept slightly cooler than the body temperature to produce spermatozoa.
Scrotum
A soft gelatinous tissue that helps pull the testes through the abdomen, through the inguinal canal in the groin, and down into the scrotum. The pulling action occurs as it is stimulated first to grow and then to shrink.
Gubernaculum
Site of male gametogenesis called spermatogenesis and hormone production; seminiferous tubules; connective tissues are septa and mediastinum.
Testes
What are the muscles that helps ascend and descend testicles?
Cremaster muscle and Tunica dartos
This is the continuation of the epididymis. It begins at the tail of the epididymis, passes cranially along the dorsomedial border of testis, dorsally to the spermatic cord, then enters the abdominal cavity.
Ductus deferens
Links the testes with the rest of the body. Contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and the vas deferens.
Spermatic cord
Single structure that more or less completely surrounds the urethra. The only accessory sex gland present in the male dog.
Prostate gland
Bands of connective tissue covered by the ischiocavernosus muscle
Crura
Penis is made up of muscle, ___ tissue, and ___ tissue.
Erectile, connective
The body of penis is made up of what tissue?
Connective
Type of cells in the nervous system that regulate the rate of axonal conduction of impulses, hold the neurons in place, and prevent the neuronal impulses from spreading between neurons that are not linked by synapses.
Supporting cells
