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MIDTERMS > ANAT101A FINALS > Flashcards

ANAT101A FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

Deals with the visceral organs of digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems

A

Splanchnology

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2
Q

System responsible for digestion, nutrient absorption and elimination of waste products in the form of stool/feces

A

Digestive system

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3
Q

What are the body parts included in the accessory digestive structures?

A

Teeth, tongue, cheeks, lips and palate

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4
Q

What are the body parts included in the digestive tract/alimentary canal?

A

Mouth (oral cavity), pharynx, esophagus, glandular stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

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5
Q

What are the glands included in the digestive glands?

A

Salivary, liver, pancreas

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6
Q

It connects the mouth to esophagus and serves as a common passageway for food, water, and air.

A

Pharynx

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7
Q

What are the three apertures of pharynx?

A

Oropharynx, nasopharynx, and laryngopharynx

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8
Q

Bounded dorsally by palate and upper set of teeth, laterally by the cheeks, ventrally by lower set of teeth and tongue, rostrally by upper and lower lips, and caudally by oropharynx.

A

Mouth

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9
Q

What is the junction between the three apertures of pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal proper

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10
Q

Ingesta inside the stomach with gastric juice.

A

Chime

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11
Q

What are the three segments of esophagus?

A

Cervical, thoracic and abdominal

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11
Q

Long muscular tube serves as passageway for bolus.

A

Esophagus

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12
Q

The four layers of esophagus are also present in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. True or False?

A

False, tunica adventitia is for esophagus only.

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13
Q

Thoracic segment becomes abdominal segments through what specific muscle?

A

Hiatus esophagi of the diaphragm

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14
Q

Bolus is either strongly acidic/basic. True or False?

A

False, slightly acidic or basic.

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15
Q

What are the 4 concentric layers of esophagus?

A

Tunica mucosa (inner), Tunica submucosa (2nd), Tunica muscularis (3rd), Tunica adventitia (outer)

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16
Q

What are the components of digestive juice?

A

Hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen

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17
Q

ESOPHAGUS:ADVENTITIA::STOMACH:?

A

SEROSA

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17
Q

It is the stomach’s surface facing the outside of abdomen.

A

Parietal surface

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18
Q

Tunica serosa is a connective tissue that is relatively thinner than Tunica adventitia. True or False?

A

True

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19
Q

Muscular belt which temporarily stores chime

A

Stomach

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20
Q

Among the four parts of stomach, which one is funnel-shaped?

A

Pylorus

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20
Q

What are the two sphincters present in the stomach?

A

Cardiac and pyloric

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20
Q

What are the four parts of stomach?

A

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

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21
Q

Among the four parts of stomach, which one is next to esophagus?

A

Cardia

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22
Q

What is the role of a sphincter?

A

Prevents the backflow of ingesta

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23
Q

Its chief cells are responsible for the secretion of pepsinogen.

A

Gastric glands

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24
Q

They are responsible for the secretion of HCI.

A

Parietal cell

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25
Q

It is the curvature present on the visceral surface.

A

Lesser curvature

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25
Q

It is the stomach’s surface facing the other internal organs.

A

Visceral surface

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26
Q

It is the curvature present on the visceral surface.

A

Greater curvature

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27
Q

The right extremity of stomach is on the parietal surface. True or False?

A

False, visceral surface.

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28
Q

Small intestine is relatively shorter than large intestine. True or False?

A

False, longer.

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28
Q

What is entrance part of the stomach?

A

Cardia

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28
Q

What is the most thick segment of small intestine?

A

Duodenum

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29
Q

What is the exit part of stomach?

A

Pylorus

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30
Q

What are the 3 segments of small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ilium

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31
Q

These two ducts empty duodenum’s contents.

A

Bile duct and pancreatic duct

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31
Q

The longest segment of small intestine

A

Jejunum

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31
Q

The most movable segment of small intestine

A

Jejunum

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32
Q

What is the certain role of ilium?

A

Defends the intestine against microorganism

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33
Q

The most absorptive segment of small intestine

A

Jejunum

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34
Q

Ilium has defense mechanism because of ___.

A

Peyer’s patches (lymphoid nodules)

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35
Q

It is a tube that connects stomach with the large intestine.

A

Small intestine

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36
Q

The segment of small intestine starts at?

A

Pylorus

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37
Q

What is/are the mesenteric part of small intestine?

A

Jejunum and ilium

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38
Q

Duodenum is slightly movable. True or False?

A

False, it is a fixed segment.

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39
Q

It extends from the termination of ilium to the anus.

A

Large intestine

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40
Q

It is a segment of large intestine that may serve as site of fermentation in some animals especially post-gastric fermentor animals.

A

Cecum

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41
Q

What is the longest segment of large intestine?

A

Colon

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42
Q

Colon is main site for ___ and ___ reabsorption.

A

Water and electrolyte

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43
Q

Cecum is the counterpart of ___ in humans.

A

Appendix

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44
Q

Terminal segment of alimentary canal

A

Anus

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44
Q

What is the normal time for the transit time?

A

12 hours

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44
Q

Serves as temporary storage site for food or feces prior to defecation

A

Rectum

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44
Q

Among the three types of secretion, which has the water consistency?

A

Serous

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45
Q

Fermentation in rabbit and horses takes place in ___.

A

Cecum

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45
Q

Liver is 7-sided structure. True or False?

A

False, 6-sided.

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46
Q

What is the sphincter muscle present in the anus?

A

Sphincter ani externi et interni

47
Q

Liver is situated at?

A

Situated obliquely against the visceral surface of diaphragm

47
Q

What is the function of sphincter ani externi et interni?

A

Controls/stops the defecation instinct when feces are in the rectum and anus.

47
Q

Mucous type of secretion has thick consistency due to?

A

Presence of mucin granules

48
Q

What are the salivary glands present in most mammals?

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

48
Q

What is the fourth salivary gland present in dogs?

A

Zygomatic gland

49
Q

What are the three types of secretion?

A

Serous, mucous, and mixed

50
Q

Parotid is serous in most mammals except in dogs where it is mixed. True or False?

A

True

51
Q

Zygomatic gland is situated in what fossa?

A

Interior part of the pterygopalatine fossa

51
Q

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual and zygomatic glands secrete mixed type in dogs. True or False?

A

True

51
Q

Among the four lobes of the liver, which has papillary process?

A

Caudate lobe

52
Q

The anatomic unit of liver

A

Hepatic lobule

52
Q

There are 3-4 lobes present in dog’s liver. True or False?

A

False, 7-8 lobes.

53
Q

What are the main lobes present in the liver?

A

Left and right hepatic, median/quadrate, caudate lobe

53
Q

Lightest organ of the body

A

Lungs

53
Q

Largest gland of the body

A

Liver

53
Q

Liver has no circumference. True or False?

A

False

54
Q

Two surfaces of liver

A

Parietal and visceral

54
Q

Pancreas are situated at?

A

Between the duodenal loops

55
Q

Pancreas has medial and lateral branches. True or False?

A

False, dorsal and ventral branches.

56
Q

What are the two portions of pancreas?

A

Exocrine and endocrine portion

57
Q

Exocrine portion is made up of what cells?

A

Pancreatic acinar cells

58
Q

Which one secretes pancreatic juice? Exocrine or endocrine?

A

Exocrine

59
Q

Among the components of pancreatic juice, which one is for fats?

A

Pancreatic lipase

60
Q

Pancreatic juice is made up of?

A

Pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen.

60
Q

When trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen becomes active, they digest ___.

A

Protein

61
Q

Group of cells present in endocrine portion of pancreas.

A

Islet of Langerhans

61
Q

Among the components of pancreatic juice, which one is for carbohydrates?

A

Pancreatic amylase

62
Q

Endocrine portion of pancreas is responsible for what hormones?

A

Glucagon and insulin

63
Q

Glucagon decreases blood sugar level. True or False?

A

False

63
Q

Responsible for chopping, grinding and chewing the food.

A

Teeth

63
Q

4 types of teeth

A

Incisors, canines, premolar, and molar

64
Q

Among the four types of teeth, which has the permanent dentition?

A

Molar

65
Q

Among the four types of teeth, which has the temporary dentition?

A

Incisor, Premolar, Molar

65
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of teeth?

A

Labial, lingual, occlusal

65
Q

What are the layers of teeth?

A

Cementum, enamel, dentine, pulp cavity

66
Q

Cementum is the outer layer of whole teeth. True or False?

A

False, cementum is outer layer of root only.

66
Q

What are the regions of teeth?

A

Crown, neck, root

67
Q

What are two carnassial teeth of dogs?

A

Last upper premolar, first lower molar

67
Q

What is the outer layer of crown?

A

Enamel

68
Q

What do you call the cutting teeth of dogs?

A

Carnassial teeth or shearing teeth

69
Q

Tongue is formed by what muscles?

A

Mylohyoid muscles

70
Q

The mucous membrane of tongue’s dorsum is villated. True or False?

A

False, papillated.

70
Q

What are the 3 parts of tongue?

A

Root, body, and apex

70
Q

Dorsum of tongue refers to the ___.

A

Free dorsal surface

71
Q

What papillae types is/are most prominent?

A

Vallate and foliate

71
Q

What are the 4 main types of papillae?

A

Filiform (bristle like), fungiform (mushroom shape), foliate (leaf shape), vallate (v-shape)

72
Q

Have base, free border, oral, and aboral surfaces

A

Soft palate

72
Q

___ pillars run from the free border of the aboral surface to meet over the commencement of the esophagus.

A

Posterior

73
Q

___ pillars are two short, thick folds which run from the free border of the oral surface to either side of the tongue.

A

Anterior

74
Q

It is continuous with the soft palate behind

A

Hard palate

75
Q

Hard palate is bounded in front and on either side by the ___.

A

Alveolar arches

76
Q

The bony basis of the hard palate is formed by palatine processes of:

A

Premaxilla, maxilla, and horizonal part of palatine bones

77
Q

Functions of respiratory system

A

Respiration, phonation, olfaction

78
Q

Formed by the vomer and other tissues and it separates the left and right nasal cavity

A

Nasal septum

79
Q

Cylindrical passage and close by facial bones

A

Nasal Cavity

80
Q

Dorsal boundary of the nasal cavity is ___.

A

Nasal bone

81
Q

Bounded dorsally by the nasal bone, bounded laterally by the pre maxilla and maxilla, the ventral boundary is formed by the palatine bone, the rostral boundary of nasal cavity is the nares or the anterior nares or the nostril, and the caudal boundary of the nasal cavity is the so-called posterior nares (choanae)

A

Nasal cavity

82
Q

Two parts of nasal cavity

A

Left and Right nasal cavity

83
Q

Cartilaginous valvular apparatus which connects pharynx and trachea

A

Larynx

83
Q

The voice box

A

Larynx

84
Q

Three functions of larynx

A

Air volume regulation, prevent aspiration of foreign bodies and to act as the organ of voice

85
Q

Total number of cartilages making up the larynx

A

9

86
Q

Generally speaking, in animals there are ___ pairs and ___ unpaired laryngeal cartilages.

A

3, 3

87
Q

What are the paired cartilages of larynx?

A

Arytenoid, curniculates, cuneiforms

88
Q

What are the unpaired cartilages of larynx?

A

Epiglottis / Epiglottic Cartilage, Cricoid,
Thyroid

89
Q

Serves as a common passageway for digestive and respiratory cracks

A

Pharynx

90
Q

A cartilaginous and membranous tube which extends from larynx down to bronchi.

A

Trachea

91
Q

Patency of trachea is due to presence of ___.

A

Tracheal rings

92
Q

What are the layers of trachea?

A

Fascia Propria(Adventitia and Serosa), cartilaginous ring, Fibroelastic Layer, Muscular Layer,
Mucus membrane Layer

93
Q

Branching point of bronchi

A

Carina

94
Q

The point of tracheal bifurcation and then that primary bronchi, that primary left and right bronchi will branch out to form the secondary bronchi, the tertiary bronchi into bronchial into pulmonary alveoli.

A

Carina

95
Q

The principal organ of respiration

A

Lungs

96
Q

Surface of parietal pleura facing the thoracic vertebra above

A

Vertebral Parietal Pleura

96
Q

Four surfaces of lungs

A

Costal, mediastinal, interlobar, diaphragmatic

97
Q

Mesothelial linings or mesothelial covering of the lungs

A

Pleura

98
Q

Pleura facing the diaphragm cordially.

A

Diaphragmatic Parietal Pleura

99
Q

Pleura facing the sternum

A

Sternal Parietal Pleura

100
Q

Subserous tissue

A

Endothoracic phasia

101
Q

Counterpart mesothelial lining of pleura in the abdomen.

A

Peritoneum

102
Q

Space formed at the mid-line by the apposition of right and left pleural membranes and is divided into three parts

A

Mediastinum

103
Q

Structures passing pre-cardial mediastinum

A

o Trachea
o Esophagus
o Blood Vessels
o Nerves
o Thymus

104
Q

Structures passing the-cardial mediastinum

A

o Heart and pericardium
o Esophagus
o Trachea
o Thoracic duct
o Nerves

105
Q

Skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic from abdominal cavity. Is one of the muscle involved in respiration.

A

Diaphragm

105
Q

Structures passing the post-cardial mediastinum

A

o Aorta
o Vena azygos
o Thoracic duct
o Esophagus
o Nerves

106
Q

THREE PERFORATIONS IN DIAPHRAGM

A

 Caval Foramen hiatus (Hiatus vena cava) – caudal vena cava
 Esophageal hiatus – esophagus, esophageal branch of gastric artery, vagus
 Aortic hiatus – aorta, vena azygos, cisterna chyli

107
Q

Parts of diaphragm

A

Costal, sternal, lumbar part

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