Bandura et al - aggression Flashcards
what is the psychology being investigated
The social learning theory- this is the idea that individuals can acquire new behaviors through observing and imitating role models
- The study focuses on how children learn from adult models . For learning to occur the observer must pay attention to the behavior of the model
what are the aims of bandura et al
1) To investigate whether children observing a model will be significantly more aggressive than children in the non-aggressive model condition
2)To investigate whether observing a non-aggressive model will create a generalized inhibitory effect in the behavior of children
2)To investigate sex differences in imitating aggression
what are the three hypotheses
1)Observed aggressive behavior will be imitated
2)Boys will be more aggressive than girls
3)Children will be more likely to copy the same sex model
describe the sample of bandura et al
-72 participants, 36 boys , 36 girls
- All obtained from stanford university nursery school
-They had an age range of 37-69 months
Describe Aggressive model condition
-There were 24 children (12 boys and 12 girls)
-Of the 12 boys - 6 saw a same sex model and 6 saw an opposite sex model
-Of the 12 girls - 6 saw same sex model and 6 saw a opposite sex model
Describe the Non-aggressive model condition
-24 children , 12 boys , 12 girls
-Of the 12 boys , 6 saw a same sex model and 6 saw a opposite sex model
-Of the 12 girls , 6 saw a same sex model and 6 saw a opposite sex model
Describe the no model condition
-24 children , 12 boys , 12 girls
-They did not see any model
What is the experimental method in the study by Bandura
Laboratory experiment because it has been done in an artificial environment (a building set apart from the nursery school building)
What are the 3 IVs in the study by Bandura
1)Model type (aggressive, non-aggressive , no model)
2)Sex of the child - boy or girl
3) Sex of the model - male or female
What is the DV in the study by Bandura
Learning displayed by the child
What is the experimental design in the study by Bandura
Independent measures with a matched pairs design
Why is the experimental design independent measures with a matched pairs design in the study by Bandura
-independent measures because seperate children were used in the different model types
-Matched pairs because children were matched for their pre-existing levels of aggression , using a 4 , 5-point rating scale
Describe how children were rated on aggressive behaviour in their nursery school prior to the study
they were rated on four different scales about aggression which were all 5 point scales.
These were rated by the experimenter and the nursery school teacher
they were rated on;
-Aggression inhibition
-Aggression towards inanimate objects
-Verbal aggression
-Physical aggression
Describe the procedure before testing
-It took place in the children’s nursery school playground
-The observation was done by a female experimenter and a nursery school teacher
-They rated 4 behaviours….
-These behaviours were a measure of pre-existing levels of aggression
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Describe the procedure during exposure to the role model in the study by Bandura
-Each child was individually brought to a playroom by the experimenter.She then invited the model who was outside the room.
-The experimenter took the child to one corner of the room, which was their play area and demonstrated how the child could make geometrical shapes with potato prints and how to make pastoral seeds with stickers.
-The experimenter then escorted the model to the opposite corner of the room, which contained a small table and chair, a tinker toy set, a mallet and a 5-foot inflated Bobo doll
The experimenter explained to the child that these were materials that were strictly meant for the model to play with.
-When the model was seated the experimenter left the room and the model began his routine activity.
In the study by bandura explain the aggressive model condition
The model begins by assembling tinker toys for approximately 1 minute and then turns to the Bobo doll and spends remainder of the time playing with it.
The model laid the doll on its side , sat on it and punched it repeatedly on the nose.
He then raised the doll , picked up the mallet and struck it on the head
He then tossed the doll up in the air aggressively and kicked it around the room
The model also included verbal aggression such as, “sock him in the nose,” “Pow,” “throw him in the air”, and two non-aggressive comments: “he keeps coming back for more” and “he sure is a tough fella”.
This lasted for about 10 minutes
Describe the non-aggressive model condition in the study by Bandura
-The model spent all the 10 min of exposure assembling tinker toys in a quiet and subdued manner , completely ignoring the Bobo doll
Describe the procedure during Aggression Arousal (delayed imitation) in the study by Bandura
The ss were taken to a different room set off from the nursery school building , the room contained relatively attractive toys ;
Fire engine
doll carriage
locomotive
Jet fighter plane…..
-The experimenter explained that the toys were for the ss to play with.As soon as the ss got engrossed in the play.
The experimenter remarked that “these are my best toys and i don’t let just anyone play with them”she had reserved them for other children
Describe the procedure “Testing for delayed imitation” in the study by Bandura
-The experimenter and the children proceeded to the adjoining room.
-The experimenter remained in the room to avoid the child leaving prematurely
-During this time the experimenter avoided any interaction with the child
-The room contained a variety of toys including aggressive and non-aggressive toys
-Non-aggressive included; tea set , 3 bears ,crayons , 2 dolls , cars and trucks …..
-Aggressive contained; A 3 foot inflated Bobo doll , a mallet , a peg board , 2 dart games
-Children spent 20 min in the room.Judges observed the sessions through a one way glass from the adjoining observation room.
- Two more observers watched the child play and had an inter-rater reliability of 0.90
Three types of aggression were recorded: (1) imitative aggression (physical and verbal), (2) non-imitative aggression, and (3) partially imitative aggression.
In the study by Bandura how was imitation of physical aggression measured
-Hitting the Bobo doll in the head with a mallet
-Sitting on the doll and punching it repeatedly on the nose
-Throwing the doll in the air and knocking it about in the room
In the study by Bandura giveexamples of the “imitation of verbal aggression”
-“Throw him in the air”
“Sock him in the nose”
“Hit him down”
“Kick him”
In the study by Bandura describe the “imitation of non-aggressive responses”
“He keeps coming back for more”
“He sure is a tough fella”
What were the aggressive gunplay results in the study by Bandura
-Here the ss shot darts/aims gun and fires imaginary shots in the room
What were the general results in the study by Bandura
-Children exposed to aggressive models were significantly more aggressive than children in the no model and non-aggressive model condition.
-Children in the non-aggressive model condition were less likely to exhibit mallet condition especially in girls
-Boys were more likely to imitate physical aggression than girls
