BACTERIAL SEROLOGICAL TESTS Flashcards
Serological test for Trichinosis
Bachman intradermal test
Serological test for tuberculosis
Tuberculin skin test
Mantoux test
Mendel’s
Vollmer’s patch
Von Pirquet’s
Serological test for Brucellosis
Brucellergen skin test
Serological test for coccidiomycosis
Coccidiodin skin test
Serological test for lympPHogranuloma venerum
Frei test
Schick test
Diphtheria
Dick test
Scarlet fever
Mullein test
Glander’s
Ascoli test
Anthrax
Moan test
Ascariasis
Casoni intradermal skin test
Hydatid disease
FranciS skin test
S. pneumoniae infection
Circum oval precipitin test
Schistosomiasis
Sabinfeldman test
Toxoplasmosis
Screening test for group A strep (S. pyogenes)
Bacitracin - susceptible
Confirmatory test for group A strep
PYR positive
Hemolytic pattern of group A strep
Beta hemolytic
Upper respiratory tract infection
Pharyngitis
Skin infection caused by S. pyogenes
Impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis
Also known as the 2nd disease
Scarlet fever
Sequela to pharyngitis or tonsillitis
Acute rheumatic fever
Characterized by damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Diagnostically important antibodies
ASO
Anti-DNase B
Anti-NADase
Anti-Hyaluronidase
If acute convalescent phase sera are tested in parallel, a ______ rise in titer is considered significant
Four-fold rise
Number of test used for antibodies to different exotoxin
At least 2 tests
ASO is based on the ability of antibodies in the patients serum to ________ the hemolytic activity of streptolysin O
Neutralize
ASO titer is traditionally reported as
TODD units
Reciprocal of the highest dilution demonstrating no hemolysis
Titer
WHO recommended ASO titer reporting
International units
ASO titer moderately elevated if the titer is >____ Todd units in an adult, >____ Todd unit in a child
> 240 adult ; >320 child
Highly specific test for group A streptococcal sequelae
Anti-DNase B testing
The Anti-DNase B result is reported as the reciprocal of the highest dilution demonstrating a color intensity between ___ and ___
2 and 4
Agent of gastric and duodenal ulcers
Helicobacter pylori infection
H. pylori virulence factor : dysfunction of the cells signal transduction pathway
CagA
H. pylori virulence factor : codes for a toxin precursor
Vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA)
Primary method for Helicobacer pylori detection
Serological test : Antibody detection
Commonly detected immunoglobulin in helicobacter pylori detection
IgG
Leading cause of upper respiratory infection worldwide
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Cold agglutinin: IgM antibodies directed against the ______ found on the surface of the human RBCs
Altered I antigens
Cold isoagglutinins : agglutinate the RBCs at temperatures below _____
37 C
Storage for delayed testing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Frozen at -70 C
Cold agglutinins : clumping of RBCs is observed at what temp
4C
Cold agglutinins : reaction is reversible when the samples are warmed at ____
37C
Gold standard for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma infection
Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
Obligate intracellular ; gram negative ; arthropod borne
Rickettsia
A nonspecific test for the detection of antibodies against Rickettsial diseases
Weil-Felix test
Weil-Felix test principle
Direct agglutination
Rickettsial disease :
OX-19 : -
OX-2 : -
OX-K : ++++
Scrub
Rickettsial disease :
OX-19 : ++++
OX-2 : +
OX-K : -
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rickettsial disease :
OX-19 : -
OX-2 : -
OX-K : -
Q Fever
Rickettsial pox
Currently the method of choice for detecting Rickettsial infections
Serodiagnosis
Agent of typhoid fever
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhi
System that classifies the Genus Salmonella into serotypes
Kauffman-White classification
Specimen on the 1st week of typhoid fever
Blood
Specimen on the 2nd week of typhoid fever
Stool
Specimen on the 3rd week of typhoid fever
Urine
Used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever
Widal test
Principle of slide test (widal test)
Direct agglutination
Detection of specific IgM and IgG to salmonella typhi
Typhidot
Slender, helically shaped, gram negative microaerophilic bacteria, PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA, CORKSCREW flexion/motility,
Spirochetes
Great fox/ evil fox/ Spanish disease/ the great imitator
These are other names of?
Syphilis
Causative agent of syphilis
Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
Causative agent of Yaws
T. pallidum subspecies pertenue
Bejel
Non-venereal (endemic) syphilis
Causative agent of non-venereal syphilis/bejel
T. pallidum subspecies endemicum
Causative agent of Pinta
Treponema carateum
TROMPs
Treponema rare outer membrane protein
Appearance of hard chancre (localized lesion) ; endothelial thickening occurs with aggregation of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages ; painless, solitary lesion characterize by raised and well-defined borders ; lasts from 1-6 weeks
Primary syphilis
Primary syphilis lab test
Darkfield microscopy (+) motility (corkscrew)
Usually about 1-2 months after primary chancre disappear ; generalized lymphadenopathy or enlargement; malaise; fever; pharyngitis; rash on the skin and mucous membrane ; appearance of CONDYLOMATA-LATA (wart-like lesion)
Secondary syphilis
Patients are non infectious ; generally after 2nd year of infection ; characterized by lack of clinical symptoms ; the only indication of infection is a positive serologic test
Latent syphilis
Patients are non infectious ; generally after 2nd year of infection ; characterized by lack of clinical symptoms ; the only indication of infection is a positive serologic test
Latent syphilis
Latency within 1 year
Early latent syphilis
Latency greater than 1 year
Late latent syphilis
Occurs most often between 10 and 30 years following the secondary stage
Tertiary stage
3 major manifestations of tertiary stage
Gummatous syphilis
Cardiovascular disease
Neurosyphilis
Most common clinical manifestation ; localized areas of granulomatous inflammation that are most often found on bones, skin, and subcutaneous tissue
Gummas
Asymptomatic involvement of the CNS and detected only by examination of CSF F
Neurosyphilis
Caused by maternal spirochetemia and transplacental transmission of microorganism
Congenital syphilis
Hutchinsonian triad
Hutchinsons teeth or notched teeth
Interstitial keratitis
Nerve deafness
Nonspecific ; screening test for syphilis ; cardiolipin
Reagin antibody
Specific ; confirmatory test for syphilis ; true treponemala antigen
Anti-treponema antibody
Wasserman test
VDRL
RPR
Non treponemal/ non specific method
Developed by the bacteriologist August Paul Von
Wasserman test
Antigen crude liver extract from a fetus that was infected with syphilis ; complement fixation principle - no hemolysis (positive)
Wasserman test
Uses hearted serum or CSF ; microscopically read ; flocculation
VDRL (venereal disease research lab test)
VDRL reagent that detect reagin
Cardiolipin
VDRL reagent that helps neutralize antibodies against Rickettsial-complementary properties of cardiolipin
Lecithin
VDRL reagent that provides adsorption center and increased reacting surface of cardiolipin
Cholesterol
VDRL rotator speed
180 rpm for 4 mins
Serum VDRL ring diameter
14 mm
CSF VDRL ring diameter
16 mm
VDRL ring depth
1.75mm
Qualitative serum VDRL: Gauge ___ needle without bevel that will deliver 60 drops of antigen suspension per mL
18
Quantitative serum VDRL: Gauge ___ needle that will deliver 75 drops of antigen suspension per mL or gauge ____ needle with or without bevel that will deliver 100 drops of saline/mL
19 ; 23
CSF VDRL : Gauge ____ needle that will deliver 100 drops/mL
21 or 22
False positive VDLR results
SLE, RA, IM, Malaria, Pregnancy
Uses unheated serum, result is read macroscopically ; flocculation
RPR
RPR reagent that inactivates serum
Choline chloride
RPR reagent that serves as preservative
Thimerosal
RPR rotator speed
100 rpm for 8 mins
RPR ring diameter
18 mm
Antigen delivery needle: Gauge ____ needle, 60 drops/mL
Gauge 20 - Hamilton syringe
Serological test used to detect reagin
Non treponemal/non specific methods
Serological test that uses true treponemal Antigen ; detect treponemal antibody
Treponemal Serling test / specific methods
Indirect flourescent assay ; Nichole strain dried and fixed on slide (reagent)
FTA-ABS (Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test)
FTA-ABS absorbent ; remove cross-reactivity
Reiter treponemes
NON PATHOGENIC treponemal antigen source
Reiter strain
Pathogenic treponemal antigen source
Nichol’s strain
Most specific and standard test for syphilis
TPI (Treponema pallidum Immobilization Test)
TPI positive
> 50% immobilized treponemes
Syphilis test used to monitor therapeutic response
VDRL
Life-long syphilis marker
Treponemal antibody
All pathogenic Borrelia are _____ borne
Arthropod borne
Arthropod borne ; much less tightly coiled than those of the leptospira ; can be stained easily and visualized by bright field microscopy
Borrelia
Causative agent of Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex
Arthropod species that transmits Lyme disease
Ixodes spp.
Confirmation of IgM antibody presence includes reactivity for two of the three following bands: 24, 39, 41 kilodaltons
Western blot
Westernb blot is used for the confirmation of IgM antibody presence includes reactivity for two of the three following bands:
24, 39, 41 kilodaltons
Confirmation of IgM and IgG antibody presence
Western blot
Spirals are very close together ; one or both ends of the organisms have hooks ; they can be impregnated with silver
Leptospires
Leptospira culture medium
Fletcher semisolid medium
Causative agent of leptospirosis
Leptospira interrogates
Leptospirosis infection stage characterized by fever and headache
Septicemic stage
Leptospirosis infection stage with jaundice
Immunological stage
