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IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY > ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY > Flashcards

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Flashcards

1
Q

Type of immunity that is acquired and specific

A

Adaptive immunity

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2
Q

Immunization with a specific antigen by natural exposure to infection or administration of a vaccine

A

Active

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3
Q

Infusion of serum or plasma containing high concentration of antibody or lymphocytes from an actively immunized individual

A

Passive

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4
Q

Results from the transfer of cells if the immune system usually lymphocytes from an immunized host to a nonimmune individual

A

Adaptive immunity

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5
Q

Includes the type of immunity that develops during convalescence from an infection

A

Naturally acquired (Active)

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6
Q

Develops after placental passage of antibody from mother to fetus

A

Naturally acquired (passive)

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7
Q

Immunity obtained from vaccination

A

Artificially acquired (active)

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8
Q

Immunity obtained after injection of gamma globulin for the induction of an immune state

A

Artificially acquired (passive)

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9
Q

Type of vaccine based on cross reactivity / weakened organism

A

Attenuated vaccine

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10
Q

Type of vaccine consist of intact, killed viruses or bacteria

A

Inactivated vaccine

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11
Q

Type of vaccine containing a portion of the bacteria of virus

A

Subunit vaccine

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12
Q

A subunit vaccine made using inactivated toxins produced by bacteria

A

Toxoid vaccine

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13
Q

A subunit vaccine produced chemically attaching a polysaccharide from the surface of bacteria to a protein molecule through conjugation

A

Polysaccharide vaccine

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14
Q

A subunit vaccine composed of proteins from a pathogen

A

Purified protein vaccines

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15
Q

Oral polio vaccine

A

Sabin

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16
Q

Injection polio vaccine

A

Salk

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17
Q

Substance administered with an immunogenicity that increases the immune response to provide immunity to a particular disease

A

Adjuvants

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18
Q

It stimulates phagocytes, B cells, and T cells

A

Adjuvants

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19
Q

Types of adjuvants

A

Aluminum salts
Oil in water emulsion
Microparticles

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20
Q

Most common adjuvant ; preferentially stimulate Th2 response

A

Aluminum salts

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21
Q

Stimulate the immune response by inducing release of chemokines and enhancing antigen uptake and migration of acute phase reactants

A

Oil in water emulsion

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22
Q

Capable of fusing with APCs to facilitate antigen presentation

A

Microparticles

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23
Q

Indirect protection from an infectious disease that happens when a POPULATION IS IMMUNE either through vaccination or immunity developed through previous infection

A

HERD IMMUNITY

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24
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow and thymus

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25
Q

Central site of differentiation and maturation

A

Primary lymphoid organs

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26
Q

Pluripotential stem hematopoietic stem cell ; resembles bursa of fabricious in birds

A

Bone marrow

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27
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs

A

Spleen, lymph nodes , tonsils, appendix, Peyer’s patches, adenoid, mucosal, gut, bronchi, skin

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28
Q

Trapping site of pathogens, stand by areas of T cells and B cells and phagocytes

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

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29
Q

Organs wherein production of antibodies and cytokines ; phagocytosis occurs ; antigenic dependent lymphopoiesis

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

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30
Q

Largest lymphoid organ ; main site of antibody production

A

Spleen

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31
Q

2 main types of spleen

A

Red pulp and white pulp

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32
Q

Characterized as a large discriminating filter as it removes old and damaged cells and foreign antigens from the blood

A

Spleen

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33
Q

Tissue fluid; central collecting points for lymph fluid from ADJACENT tissues

A

LYMPH NODES

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34
Q

Filtration of interstitial fluid from around cells in the tissues

A

Lymph node

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35
Q

Consists of antigen-stimulated proliferating B cells

A

Secondary follicles

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36
Q

The Interior of a secondary follicle is known as the _____ _____ because of the B cells takes places

A

Germinal center

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37
Q

T cell locations

A

Perifollicullar and paracortical of the lymph nodes
Medullary cords of the lymph nodes
Periarteriolar regions of spleen
Thoracic duct of the circulatory system

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38
Q

B cell locations

A

Follicular and medullary (germinal centers) of the lymph nodes
Primary follicles and red pulp of spleen
Follicular region of GALT

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39
Q

The largest lymphatic vessel in the body

A

Thoracic duct

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40
Q

Collects most of the body’s lymph fluid and empties it into the left subclavian vein

A

Thoracic duct

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41
Q

____% lymphocyte of the circulating WBCs

A

20-40%

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42
Q

Old markers of B cells

A

Surface immunoglobulins (IgM, IgD)

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43
Q

New markers of B cells

A

CD 19, 20, 21

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44
Q

Old markers of T cells

A

CD2 (sheep rbc)

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45
Q

New markers of T cells

A

CD 3, CD 4 (T-helper), CD 8 (T-cytotoxic)

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46
Q

Old markers of NK cells

A

CD 2

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47
Q

New marker of NK cells

A

CD 2, 3, 16, 56

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48
Q

Is a DNA polymerase active during the process of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors gene rearrangement early in a precursor B or T cells life

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)

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49
Q

Arm to arm contact ; 60 to 70% of lymphocytes ; responsible for immune response and are involved in antibody regulation

A

T cell

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50
Q

Product of T cells

A

Cytokines (formerly lymphokines)

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51
Q

Markers of T cells

A

CD 2, 4, 8

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52
Q

Represents the 60% of T cells subsets

A

T helper cells

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53
Q

Represents the 30% of T cells subsets

A

Cytotoxic T cells

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54
Q

A subpopulation of T cells ; prevents autoimmune diseases

A

T-regulatory cells

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55
Q

Normal T helper cell to cytotoxic T cells ratio

A

2:1

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56
Q

Ratio of T helper to cytotoxic in uncontrolled HIV

A

1:2

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57
Q

Type of T helper cell that are producers of Interferon-gamma, TNF beta, IL-2

A

Type 1 T helper cell

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58
Q

Type of T helper cell that protects cells against intracellular pathogens

A

Type 1

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59
Q

Type of T helper cell that is producers of IL-4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13

A

Type 2

60
Q

Involved in humoral immunity ; misses and bullet arrows of immune system

A

B cells

61
Q

Represents the 10-20% of lymphocytes ; precursor cell in antibody production

A

B cells

62
Q

Product of B cells

A

Antibody production

63
Q

B cell markers

A

CD 19, 20, 21
Surface immunoglobulins IgM and IgD
Class II major histocompatibility complex molecule

64
Q

Immune Cell markers with longer life span

A

T cell

65
Q

B CELL SUBSETS

A

B1 and B2

66
Q

B cell subset that is CD5 positive

A

B1

67
Q

B cell subset that is CD5 negative ; most common subset

A

B2

68
Q

CD 4 and CD 25 are what subpopulation of TYPE 17 T cell

A

T-regulatory

69
Q

Represents the 5% of all CD4 T cells takes

A

T regulatory cell

70
Q

Plays an important role in suppressing the immune response to self antigens

A

T regulatory

71
Q

Inhibits proliferation of other T cell populations by secreting inhibitory cytokines

A

T regulatory

72
Q

Lacks CD4 and CD8 ; proliferates under the influence of IL 7 ; rearrangement of the genes that code for TCR

A

DOUBLE NEGATIVE THYMOCYTES

73
Q

CD 4 and CD 8 are expressed ; positive (allowed to self multiply) and negative (reacts to self antigen) selection ; clonal deletion

A

DOUBLE POSITIVE THYMOCYTES

74
Q

Exhibit only one type of marker

A

Mature T cell

75
Q

Capable of producing cytokines

A

Sensitized T cell

76
Q

Absence of surface immunoglobulin

A

Pro-B cell

77
Q

Require direct contact with bone marrow stromal cells ; C-kit interacts with a cell surface molecule called stem cell factor found on stromal cells

A

Pro-B cell

78
Q

Differentiation of Pro-B cells into pre-B cells occurs upon successful rearrangement of heavy chain genes on one of the numbers ______

A

Chromosome 14

79
Q

Synthesis of the heavy chain part of the antibody molecule occurs

A

Pre-B cell

80
Q

Pre-B cell accompanied by an unusual light chain molecule called a _____

A

Surrogate light chain (temporary)

81
Q

Distinguished by the appearance of complete _____ molecules on the cell surface

A

Immature B cell ; IgM

82
Q

Markers of immature B cell

A

CD 21, 40, Class II MHC

83
Q

Marginal zone B cells are found in

A

Spleen circulation

84
Q

Follicular B cell are found in

A

Other secondary lymphoid organs

85
Q

Some of these become memory cells (secondary immune response)

A

Activated B cell

86
Q

Represent the most fully differentiated lymphocyte

A

Plasma cell

87
Q

It’s main function is for antibody production ; with eccentric nucleus and PERINUCLEAR HALO

A

PLASMA CELL

88
Q

Sheep red blood cell receptor

A

CD2

89
Q

Part of T cell antigen-receptor complex

A

CD3

90
Q

CD4 is a receptor of MHC class ____ molecules (Th)

A

Class II

91
Q

CD8 is a receptor of MHC class ____ molecules (Tc)

A

Class I

92
Q

Updated gold standard for identification of blood cells

A

Flow cytometry

93
Q

Lab identification of lymphocytes that involves sheep rbc

A

Rosette assay

94
Q

Lab identification of lymphocytes that involves sheep rbc

A

Rosette assay

95
Q

Method that separates lymphocytes from other blood cells

A

Density gradient centrifugation

96
Q

a solution used to separate blood components using density gradient centrifugation

A

FICOLL-HYPAQUE

97
Q

Medium for plasmodium

A

Roswell park memorial institute (RPM)

98
Q

Used to separate the T cells from B cells

A

Nylon wool

99
Q

Require the separation of B and T cells

A

HLA phenotyping

100
Q

Increases mitotic division of lymphocytes

A

Mitogen

101
Q

Mitogen of T cells

A

Pokeweed antigen (PWA)
Phyhemagglutinin (PHA)
Concanavalene (CON-A)

102
Q

B CELLS MITOGEN

A

Pokeweed antigen (PWA)
LPS

103
Q

Macromolecules capable of triggering an adaptive immune response by inducing the formation of antibodies or sensitized T cells in an immunocompetent host

A

Immunogen

104
Q

Substance that reacts with antibody or sensitized T cells but may not be able to evoke an immune response in the first place

A

Antigen

105
Q

Incomplete/partial antigen ; low molecular weight substance. Has the ability to react with corresponding antibody but not able to stimulate to antibody production

A

Hapten

106
Q

Has the ability to stimulate antibody production

A

Immunogen

107
Q

Has the ability to react with its corresponding antibody

A

Immunogen

108
Q

Usually ______ daltons of Immunogen to be recognized

A

10,000

109
Q

Best Immunogen

A

Proteins and polysaccharides

110
Q

Less immunogenic

A

Carbs

111
Q

Not immunogenicity

A

Nucleic acids and lipids

112
Q

Antigen derived from the same individual

A

Autoantigen

113
Q

Antigen derived from different individual from the same species

A

Alloantigen or homologous

114
Q

Found in unrelated plant and animals, cross react with other antibodies

A

Heterophile

115
Q

Graft derived from the same species

A

Autograft

116
Q

Graft derived from different class but identical individual (identical twins)

A

Isograft/syngeneic graft

117
Q

Found on different individual but same species (brothers or sisters)

A

Allograft

118
Q

Graft derived From different species ; with highest immune response

A

Heterograft/xenograft

119
Q

Genes located on the short arm of chromosome 6 at band 21

A

Major histocompatibility complex

120
Q

Set of genes that controls tissue compatibility

A

MHC

121
Q

MHC in humans is referred to as

A

Human leukocyte antigen complex

122
Q

MHC class involved in antigen recognition or presentation

A

MHC class I
MHC Class II

123
Q

MHC class present in all nucleated cells

A

MHC class I

124
Q

Presents endogenous antigen to T-cytotoxic cells - CD8

A

MHC class I

125
Q

Genetic loci of MHC Class I

A

HLA-A, B, C

126
Q

Chain structure of MHC Class I

A

Alpha chain and beta 2 microglobulin

127
Q

MHC class highest concentration lymphocytes and myeloid cells

A

MHC Class I

128
Q

Low levels or undetectable on liver hepatocytes, neural cells, and sperm

A

MHC Class I

129
Q

MHC class present in macrophages B cells, and antigen presenting cells

A

MHC class II

130
Q

Restricted to immunocompetent cells of immune cells

A

MHC Class II

131
Q

Present EXOGENOUS antigens to T helper lymphocytes (CD4 marker)

A

MHC Class II

132
Q

Genetic loci of MHC Class II

A

HLA- DP. DO, DR

133
Q

MHC Class II chain structure

A

Alpha chain and beta chain

134
Q

MHC Class that Secretes proteins that have an immune function - C4 (Chido/Rodgers blood group) ; MINOR

A

MHC Class III

135
Q

MHC Class that involves complement components C2, C4a, C4b, and factor B

A

MHC Class III

136
Q

MHC class III: HLA on RBC

A

Bennett-goodspeed

137
Q

MHC class that acts as The watchdogs of viral, tumor, and certain parasitic antigens that are synthesized within the cell

A

Class I

138
Q

MHC class that helps to mount an immune response to arterial infection or other pathogens found outside cells

A

Class II

139
Q

HLA genotyping principle

A

PCR based amplification

140
Q

HLA for Ankylosing spondylitis - high risk

A

HLA-B27

141
Q

GRAFT REJECTION TIME : Hyperacute

A

Mins to hours

142
Q

GRAFT REJECTION TIME : accelerated

A

Days

143
Q

GRAFT REJECTION TIME : acute

A

Days to months

144
Q

GRAFT REJECTION TIME : chronic

A

1 year or more

145
Q

GRAFT REJECTION TIME : GVHD

A

100 days or more

146
Q

Is the ability of an individual organism to distinguish its own tissues from those of another

A

Allorecognition

147
Q

Recognizes self antigen from foreign antigens

A

In vitro allorecognition

IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY (7 decks)

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