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IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY > ANTIBODIES & CYTOKINES > Flashcards

ANTIBODIES & CYTOKINES Flashcards

1
Q

Antibodies are Gamma globulins found from gamma region of electrophoresis, except for IgA that is found in

A

Beta region

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2
Q

Main cause of intravascular hemolysis

A

Complement proteins

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3
Q

Cause of extravascular hemolysis

A

Spleen

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4
Q

Determines immunoglobulin Ig class

A

Heavy chain

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5
Q

Light chain : KAPPA LAMBDA RATIO

A

2:!

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6
Q

Flexible part of immunoglobulin ; high in proline

A

Hinge region

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7
Q

Heavy chain that determines Ig class

A

Isotope

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8
Q

Variation in the constant region of both HC and LC

A

ALLOTYPE

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9
Q

Variation in the variable region of both HC and LC

A

IDIOTYPE

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10
Q

Order of immunoglobulins according to serum concentration

A

GAMDE

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11
Q

Ig abundant in secretion

A

IgA

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12
Q

Smallest, coating antibody ; warm reacting ; produced during secondary immune response ; best known for complement activation via the classical cascade

A

IgG

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13
Q

67% of IgG ; BEST IMMUNOPLACENTAL

A

IgG1

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14
Q

22% of IgG

A

IgG2

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15
Q

7% of IgG ; BEST IN ACTIVATION

A

IgG3

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16
Q

4% of IgG

A

IgG4

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17
Q

Basis of differentiating subclasses

A

Disulfide bond

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18
Q

Basis of differentiation of immunoglobulins

A

Heavy chains

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19
Q

Largest ; cold reacting agglutinin ; secreted into the blood in the early stages of a primary antibody response

A

IgM

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20
Q

First class of antibody to be produced by developing B cells

A

IgM

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21
Q

The pentamer form of IgM is found in _____ whereas the monomer form is found on the _____

A

Serum or plasma ; surface of B cells

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22
Q

Mucosal immunity ; anti inflammatory agent ; major antibody on secretions ; associated with anaphylaxis

A

IgA

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23
Q

IgA type found in serum ; monomer

A

Type 1

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24
Q

IgA type found in secretion ; dimmer

A

Type 2

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25
Q

Found in surface of mature B cells

A

IgD

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26
Q

Antibody for immunoregulation

A

IgD

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27
Q

IgD is postulated to be an _____ antibody

A

Anti-idiotypic

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28
Q

Least antibody ; most heat labile

A

IgE

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29
Q

Antibody that has the ability to attach to human skin (Homocytotrophic antibody) and

A

IgE

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30
Q

Antibody that has the ability to attach to human skin

A

Homocytotrophic antibody

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31
Q

Antibody that initiates aspect of the allergic reaction

A

reagenic antibody

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32
Q

Has high affinity to basophil and mast cells

A

IgE

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33
Q

Antibody portion that binds to the target cells

A

Fc portion

34
Q

Antibody portion that binds the allergen

A

Fab portion

35
Q

Best indication of a current infection is a ______ in antibody titer when comparing two serum samples collected from a patient during the beginning and later stages of the infection

A

Four fold rise

36
Q

One Light chain and one half of a Heavy chain held together by disulfide bond

A

Fab

37
Q

Represent the Carboxy-terminal halves of the two H chains

A

Fc fragments

38
Q

Cut monomer exactly at the Hinge region, monomer is cut into 3 parts

A

Papain

39
Q

Cut monomer below the hinge region , monomer is cut into 2 parts

A

Pepsin

40
Q

Lymphocyte are genetically preprogrammed to produce one type of Ig and that a particular cells capable of responding to it, causing them to proliferate

A

Clonal selection

41
Q

Certain cells had specific receptors for antigen that were present before contact with antigen occurred

Key principles
-lock and key concept
- antigen selected cells with the builds in capacity to respond to it

A

Ehrlich’s side chain theory

42
Q

Initial force of attraction between single Fab and epitope

A

Affinity

43
Q

Sum of all attractive forces between antigen and antibody

A

Avidity

44
Q

Immune response phase: no antibody production

A

Lag phase

45
Q

Immune response phase: with antibody production

A

Log phase

46
Q

Immune response phase: antibody production = antibody degradation (plateau - highest titer)

A

Stationary

47
Q

Immune response phase: low antibody production ; high antibody degradation

A

Decline

48
Q

Longer lag ; low antibody production; IgM ; abrupt decrease

A

Primary response

49
Q

Shorter lag ; increased antibody production ; IgG ; slow decrease

A

Secondary response

50
Q

Purified antibodies cloned from a single cell ; used for the analysis of cell membrane antigens

A

Monoclonal antibodies

51
Q

Polyclonal antibodies came from

A

Rabbit

52
Q

Monoclonal antibodies came from

A

Mice

53
Q

Most to least immunogenic monoclonal antibodies

A

Mouse > chimeric > humanisec > human

54
Q

Used for treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases

A

Monoclonal antibodies

55
Q

Main concern for monoclonal antibodies

A

Highly immunogenic

56
Q

Drug that prevents myeloma cells from making their own purines and pyrimidines

A

Aminopterin

57
Q

Generic terms for soluble mediators ; regulates the immune system

A

Cytokines

58
Q

Cytokine binds to receptor on cell that secreted it

A

Autocrine

59
Q

Cytokine binds to receptors on near by cells

A

Paracrine

60
Q

Cytokine binds cells in distant parts of the body

A

Endocrine

61
Q

Function primarily in immune cell differentiation and activation

A

Interleukins

62
Q

Interleukin : endogenous pyrogen

A

IL-1

63
Q

Interleukin : T cell growth factor ; Formerly called as CD25

A

IL-2

64
Q

Interleukin responsible for growth and differentiation of B and T cells ; induces lytic activity of the NK cells

A

IL — 2

65
Q

Interleukin that stimulates B cells to become plasma cells ; induces CD4+ cells to produce cytokines

A

IL — 6

66
Q

Interleukin that regulates Th2 immune activities ; helps drives antibody response

A

IL — 4

67
Q

Interleukin with inhibitory effect to the immune systems

A

IL — 10

68
Q

Proteins produced by virally infected cells and protect the neighboring cells ; exert a virus-nonspecific but host specific anti-viral activity

A

Interferon

69
Q

Interferon type : non-immune, product of initial response to viral infection

A

Type 1 interferon : Alpha and Beta

70
Q

Interferon type 1 : secreted by leukocytes ; major producer : null lymphocytes/NK cells

A

Interferon alpha

71
Q

Interferon type 1 : secreted by double stranded RNA fibroblast

A

Interferon Beta

72
Q

Major produces of interferon alpha

A

Null lymphoctes / NK cells

73
Q

Major producers of interferon beta

A

Fibroblast and epithelial cells

74
Q

Interferon type : immune component of the specific immune response to vital and other pathogens

A

Interferon gamma

75
Q

Major producers of interferon gamma

A

Th1 cells

76
Q

Cytotoxic activity against tumor cells and virally infected cells

A

Tumor necrosis factor

77
Q

TNF : produced by macrophages aka cachectin

A

TNF Alpha

78
Q

TNF: produced by CD4 and CD8 cells aka lymphotoxin

A

TNF beta

79
Q

Enhances motility and promote migration or white blood cells

A

Chemokines

80
Q

Release by platelets during coagulation

A

Betalysin

81
Q

Induces anti proliferation activity in a wide variety of types

A

Transforming growth factor B

82
Q

Control to help downregulate the inflammatory response when no longer needed

A

Transforming growth factor B

IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY (7 decks)

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