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Bacteriology > Bacterial Meningitis > Flashcards

Bacterial Meningitis Flashcards

1
Q

Meninges

  • membranes envelop ___
  • 3 types of matter
A
  • envelop CNS
  • pia matter
  • arachnoid matter
  • dura matter
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2
Q

Meningitis

  • infection of ___
  • type of infection?
A
  • meninges

- viral or bacterial

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3
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

  • ___ passage from __ to ___
  • __ cells stitched by ___
  • tissue macrophages of CNS?
  • what is not present?
A
  • restricts passage from blood to CNS
  • endothelial cells stitched by tight junctions
  • microglia cells
  • WBC + antibodies
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4
Q

Bacterial Meningitis Steps (10)

  • ___ colonization
  • ___ into blood
  • ___ in blood
  • crossing ___
  • invasion of ___
  • production of ____
  • recruit ___
  • edema, increased ___
  • ____
  • ___ death
A
  • nasopharyngeal colonization
  • invasion into blood
  • multiplication in blood
  • crossing BBB
  • invasion of meninges
  • production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
  • recruit leukocytes
  • edema, increased cranial pressure
  • inflammation
  • neuronal death
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5
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

  • early signs ___?
  • ___ damage
A

DANGEROUS

  • nonspecific (fever, stiff neck, confusion)
  • irreversible
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6
Q

3 Ways Traversing BBB

A

1) Transcellular
2) Paracellular
3) Trojan Horse

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7
Q

Bacterial Meningitis Diagnosis

  • ___ CSF
  • __ levels of glucose
A
  • Lumbar puncture
  • cloudy CSF
  • low glucose
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8
Q

Nuchal Rigidity

A

neck flex

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9
Q

Brudzinski’s sign

A

stiff neck

neck flex –> knee flex

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10
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

stiff hamstring

can’t straighten leg

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11
Q

Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis

  • IV antibiotics __ to culture?
  • corticosteroids?
A

IMMEDIATE

  • prior to culture
  • reduces swelling in meninges
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12
Q

Capsule

  • what is it?
  • protect bacteria from ___?
A
  • loose, unstructured network of polymers

- complement system

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13
Q

___ response to capsules –> antibodies from _ cells able to __ capsule

A

host
B cells
recognize

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14
Q

vaccine from capsules

  • LT memory?
  • conjugate vaccine?
A
  • not LT (T-cell independent)
  • T cells respond to proteins NOT sugars
  • conjugate vaccine = polysaccharide conjugated to protein carrier
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15
Q

Types of Meningitis (5)

A

1) Neisseria Meningitidis
2) Streptococcus pneumoniae
3) Haemophilus influenzae type b
4) Listeria moncytogenes
5) Streptococcus agalactiae

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16
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis

  • gram?
  • human specific?
  • colonizes?
  • capsule? serotypes?
A
  • gram NEGATIVE
  • YES
  • nose + throat
  • polysaccharide capsule
  • antigenic variants
17
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis

  • invasive ___ disease
  • meningitis after bacteria ___?
  • ___ –> septic shock
  • blood ___
A
  • invasive meningococcal disease
  • bacteria enter blood
  • endotoxin (LPS)
  • blood clotting
18
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis

  • vaccine?
  • __ capsule with _ serotypes
  • vaccine?
  • _ recombinant ___
A
  • Meactra/Menevo
  • conjugate, 4 (not group B)
  • Bexsero
  • 4 recombinant protein antigens
19
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis

- serotypes (5)

A

A, B, C, W135, Y

20
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

  • gram?
  • resides in?
  • symptoms?
  • capsule? serotypes?
A
  • gram POSITIVE
  • nasopharynx
  • pneumonia + ear infections
  • polysaccharide capsule
  • many serotypes
21
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

  • vaccine?
  • ___ capsule with _ serotypes
  • vaccine?
A
  • Prevnar 13
  • conjugate capsule with 13 serotypes
  • 23 variant polysaccharide vaccine
22
Q

Haemophilus influenzae type b

  • gram?
  • capsule?
  • ___ infection?
A
  • gram NEGATIVE
  • polysaccharide capsule
  • upper respiratory
23
Q

Haemophilus influenzae type b

- vaccine?

A
  • Hib conjugate vaccine (childhood immunization)
24
Q

Listeria moncytogenes

  • gram?
  • borne?
  • capsule?
  • ___ –> bacteremia –> meningitis
  • who has high mortality?
A
  • gram POSITIVE
  • food-borne
  • NO capsule
  • gastroenteritis
  • immunocompromised, fetus, pregnant mothers
25
Q

Listeria moncytogenes

  • grows at?
  • invades ___? using ____ motility and __-__ spread
A
  • 4 degrees Celsius
  • invades intestinal epithelial cells
    using actin based motility and cell-cell spread
26
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

  • gram?
  • capsule?
  • who carries where?
  • passed to?
A
  • gram POSITIVE
  • YES capsule
  • women carry in urogenital tract
  • passed to infants during birth

Bacteriology (8 decks)

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