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MICROBIOLOGY MED2 > Bacterial Growth and Nutrition > Flashcards

Bacterial Growth and Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Macroelements of culture medium are measured in what units?

A

gm/L

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2
Q

What are the Macroelement?

A

CHONSP

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3
Q

What type of organism is Sulfolobus according to Nutritional classification?

A

Chemoautotroph/Litoautotroph

Carbon source: CO2
Energy source: Inorganic compound/chemicals

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4
Q

What type of organism is Rhodobacter according to Nutritional classification?

A

Photoheterotroph (like Chloroflexus)

Carbon source: Organic compounds
Energy source: Light

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5
Q

What type of organism is Sulfurousmaccording to Nutritional classification?

A

Chemoheterotroph
(Same with fungi and archaea)

Carbon source and Energy source: Organic compounds

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6
Q

Which chemical is the most important chemical requirement next to water for skeleton or backbone of all organic molecules

A

carbon

50% of phospholipids

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7
Q

Percentage distribution of Nitrogen in Phospholipids

A

14%

C>O>N>H

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8
Q

Percentage distribution of Hydrogen in Phospholipids

A

8%

C>O>N>H

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9
Q

Percentage distribution of Oxygen in Phospholipids

A

20%

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10
Q

Bacterial classification according to water requirement: REQUIRE NaCl for growth

A

Halophiles

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11
Q

Bacterial classification according to water requirement: Persists in DRY environment

A

Xerophiles or Xerotolerant

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12
Q

Classification of bacteria based on oxygen requirement: presence of catalase and SOD

A

Obligate Aerobes

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13
Q

Classification of bacteria based on oxygen requirement: can grow in air temperature and may use oxygen for energy yielding chemical reactions

A

Facultative Aerobes

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14
Q

Among molds, Mycobacteria, Legionella and N. gonorrhea, which requires presence of CO2?

A

N. gonorrhea (similar to Mammalian cells)

molds, Mycobacteria, Legionella can grow in standard air atmosphere of 21% oxygen

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15
Q

This process of energy production in facultative anaerobes is characterized by substrate phosphorylation in which a pyrophosphate bond is donated directly to ADP by a phosphorylated intermediate

A

Fermentation

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16
Q

Classification of bacteria based on oxygen requirement: organisms that require a substance other than O2 as H-acceptor

A

Obligate anaerobes

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17
Q

Microaerophiles requires small amount of oxygen at range _______% for aerobic respiration

A

2-10%

18
Q

Classification of bacteria based on oxygen requirement: organisms that cannot withstand 21% oxygen levels (since higher concentrations are inhibitory to them)

A

microaerophiles

Grows best at 1-15% oxygen levels
ex. campylobacter and helicobacter pylori

19
Q

Classification of bacteria based on oxygen requirement: organisms that grows in the presence of oxygen, but they do not use it as H-acceptor

A

aerotolerant

20
Q

Which enzyme for Oxygen radicals is present in aerotolerant organisms?
A. None
B. Catalase
C. SOD
D. both catalase and SOD

A

C. SOD only

lactobacillus are arotolerant

21
Q

Classification of bacteria based on oxygen requirement: organisms that present growth throughout the culture broth tube

A

Facultative anaerobes

ex. E. coli and Staphylococcus

22
Q

Classification of bacteria based on oxygen requirement: organisms that are indifferent to oxygen

A

aerotolerant

23
Q

Two major types of equipment used in continuous culture:

A

Chemostat and Turbidostat

24
Q

Which of the following is not an element of the most common type of continuous culture device?
A. substrate reservoir
B. optical sensor
C. culture vessel
D. spent culture bottle

A

B. Optical sensing device and Photoelectric device are components of the Turbidostat (biostat); the most common continuous culture device is the chemostat

25
Q

T/F:
Bacterial cells will grow at a constant rate in the Chemostat, i.e., the exponential phase, because there will be no nutrient depletion due to continuous nutrient supply into the reservoir

A

T

26
Q

The growth rate of organisms in chemostat depends upon which two factors?

A

Dilution rate
Limiting nutrient concentration

27
Q

Which of the following is not a component of the Biostat?
A. sterile reservoir
B. culture vessel
C. photocell
D. spent culture bottle
E. light source

A

D. is a component of chemostat

The rest are of Turbidostat

28
Q

Which equipment used in continuous culture operates best in high dilution rates?

A

Turbidostat

29
Q

Which equipment used in continuous culture has a constant dilution rate?

A

Chemostat

30
Q

T/F: Continuous cultures works as a closed cultivation system

A

F = open

31
Q

The process of maintaining the microbial cells in the log or exponential phase refers to the:

A

steady-state of growth

32
Q

Biomass concentration can be estimated indirectly through the following except:
A. Measuring an important cellular component such as protein
B. Preparing a standard curve correlating dry weight with viable cell count
C. Determining the volume occupied by cells that have settled out of suspension

A

B. Preparing a standard curve correlating dry weight with viable cell count

that’s direct measurement of biomass density

33
Q

What is measured in turbidimetry to indicate bacterial growth?

A

light absorbance

34
Q

What is the formula for CFU/mL (no. of CFUs/mL in undiluted bacterial suspension)?

A

plate count x dilution x 10

35
Q

Which of the following is not used in direct cell count?
A. Petroff-Hausser counting chamber
B. Plating
C. Hemocytometer
D. Coulter chamber

A

B. Plating and Serial dilution are indirect count

36
Q

Which phase of the growth curve in batch cultures do enzymes and intermediates form and accumulate until they are present in concentrations that permit growth to resume?

A

Lag phase

37
Q

Rate of exponential growth of a bacterial culture is expressed as __________, also the doubling time of the bacterial population

A

generation time

Generation time (G) is defined as the time (t) per generation (n= number of generations) (G=t/n)

38
Q

Which phase of the growth curve in batch cultures do the exhaustion of nutrients or the accumulation of toxic products causes growth to cease completely?

A

Stationary phase

(after Lag/Exponential phase)

39
Q

These are metabolites produced after the active stage of growth

A

secondary metabolites

40
Q

Bacteria typically produce antibiotics in which phase of the growth in cultures?

A

Stationary phase

41
Q

This pertains to bacterial culture phenomenon which is thought to be the result of a genetic response triggered in starving, stationary phase cells.

A

Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC)

42
Q

the optimal temperature for many free-living forms

A

30 deg Celsius

MICROBIOLOGY MED2 (9 decks)

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