Bacterial genetics

Question 1

DNA was frist discovered by

Answer 1

frederick miescher

Question 2

discovered that DNA contained phosphates, five carbon sugars and nitrogen containing bases

Answer 2

pheobus a.t. levine

Question 3

helical structure discovered by using xray crystallography

Answer 3

rosalind franklin

Question 4

described 3 dimensional structure of DNA

Answer 4

james watson and francis crick

Question 5

double stranded helical chain involved in synthesis of RNA

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

‘spiral staircase’, 2 stranded structure twisted together
where information is contained

Answer 6

helix

Question 7

single stranded, short contains sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose

Answer 7

RNA

Question 8

-process of heredity and variation
-starting point from all cellular pathways

Answer 8

genetics

Question 9

adenine, guaninie, cytosine, thymine (ATGC)
key to genetic code

Answer 9

bases

Question 10

DNA sequence that encodes specific product

Answer 10

gene

Question 11

all genes taken together comprise a

Answer 11

genome

Question 12

genome organized in discreet elements known as

Answer 12

chromosomes

Question 13

contain a single, unpaired (haploid) chromosome

Answer 13

bacteria

Question 14

acts as a blueprint for protein construction

Answer 14

messenger RNA

Question 15

duplication of chromosomal DNA for insertion into a daughter cell

Answer 15

replication

Question 16

process of encoding information in genetic elements known as

Answer 16

gene expression

Question 17

-synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template
-converts DNA to RNA

Answer 17

transcription

Question 18

-synthesis of specific protein from the mRNA
-translated into specific amino acid sequence

Answer 18

translation

Question 19

-change in sequence, coded protein
-result of error during DNA replication

Answer 19

mutation

Question 20

-new combinations
-transfer of genetic material
-RECA protein

Answer 20

recombination/homologous

Question 21

involves all recipient cell uptake of free DNA released

Answer 21

transformation

Question 22

transfer of bacterial genes by a bacteriophage from one cell to another
two bacteria may come together in one cell

Answer 22

transduction

Question 23

transduction:
bacterial DNA may be randomly incorporated with viral DNA

Answer 23

generalized transduction

Question 24

transduction:
bacterial DNA adjacent to viral DNA in the bacterial chromosome is packaged

Answer 24

specialized transduction

Question 25

-transfer of genetic material from a donor bacterial strain to a recipient strain

Answer 25

conjugation

Question 26

term:
group of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that signifies specific amino acid

Answer 26

codon

Question 27

term:
triplet bases on the tRNA that bind the triplet of bases on mRNA

Answer 27

anticodon

Question 28

term:
are mobile pieces of DNA that may jump from one place in chromosome to another

Answer 28

jumping genes

Question 29

term:
related mobile DNA that carry antibiotic resistance genes

Answer 29

transporons

Question 30

term:
change in one nucleotide base that leads to a change in a single amino acid within a protein

Answer 30

point mutation

Question 31

term:
are cells that can take up naked DNA

Answer 31

competent cells

Question 32

term:
is a virus that infects bacteria, consist of DNA or RNA chromosome

Answer 32

bacteriophage

Question 33

term:
enzymes that cut incoming, foreign DNA at specific DNA sequences; used to create for insertion of new genes

Answer 33

restriction enzymes