Bacterial genetics Flashcards
DNA was frist discovered by
frederick miescher
discovered that DNA contained phosphates, five carbon sugars and nitrogen containing bases
pheobus a.t. levine
helical structure discovered by using xray crystallography
rosalind franklin
described 3 dimensional structure of DNA
james watson and francis crick
double stranded helical chain involved in synthesis of RNA
DNA
‘spiral staircase’, 2 stranded structure twisted together
where information is contained
helix
single stranded, short contains sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose
RNA
-process of heredity and variation
-starting point from all cellular pathways
genetics
adenine, guaninie, cytosine, thymine (ATGC)
key to genetic code
bases
DNA sequence that encodes specific product
gene
all genes taken together comprise a
genome
genome organized in discreet elements known as
chromosomes
contain a single, unpaired (haploid) chromosome
bacteria
acts as a blueprint for protein construction
messenger RNA
duplication of chromosomal DNA for insertion into a daughter cell
replication
process of encoding information in genetic elements known as
gene expression
-synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template
-converts DNA to RNA
transcription
-synthesis of specific protein from the mRNA
-translated into specific amino acid sequence
translation
-change in sequence, coded protein
-result of error during DNA replication
mutation
-new combinations
-transfer of genetic material
-RECA protein
recombination/homologous
involves all recipient cell uptake of free DNA released
transformation
transfer of bacterial genes by a bacteriophage from one cell to another
two bacteria may come together in one cell
transduction
transduction:
bacterial DNA may be randomly incorporated with viral DNA
generalized transduction
transduction:
bacterial DNA adjacent to viral DNA in the bacterial chromosome is packaged
specialized transduction
-transfer of genetic material from a donor bacterial strain to a recipient strain
conjugation
term:
group of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that signifies specific amino acid
codon
term:
triplet bases on the tRNA that bind the triplet of bases on mRNA
anticodon
term:
are mobile pieces of DNA that may jump from one place in chromosome to another
jumping genes
term:
related mobile DNA that carry antibiotic resistance genes
transporons
term:
change in one nucleotide base that leads to a change in a single amino acid within a protein
point mutation
term:
are cells that can take up naked DNA
competent cells
term:
is a virus that infects bacteria, consist of DNA or RNA chromosome
bacteriophage
term:
enzymes that cut incoming, foreign DNA at specific DNA sequences; used to create for insertion of new genes
restriction enzymes
