Bacteria and viruses Flashcards
Staphylococcus aureus
Food borne bacteria
Gram-positive, low G+C, Bacilli
spherical in clusters
causing food poisoning, boils, pimples
Nonproteobacteria
Gram(-)
Chlamydiae
Chlamydia trachomatis, STD and eye infections.
Spirochetales
Borrelia burgdorferi, causes of Lyme disease
Transmitted by deer ticks (black-legged ticks)
Summer disease
Treponema pallidum, cause of syphilis
Alpha-proteo bacteria
Gram(-)
agriculturally important bacteria
obligate intracellular parasites
Bartonella
Brucella: Brucellosis
Zoonotic diseases (most common zoonotic disease,
Rickettsia: Arthropod-borne, Spotted fevers
Beta-proteo bacteria
Neisseria: Gram (-) cocci
N. meningitides (meningitis)
N. gonorrhoeae (STIs)
Bordetella: Gram (-) rods
B. pertussis (whooping cough)
Gamma-proteobacteria
Gram(-)
Enterobacteriales (enterics) – In the Clinic
Gram (-) rods, peritrichous, facultative anaerobes, fermenters of glucose
Escherichia (diarrheas) In the Clinic
Salmonella (diarrheas, typhoid )
Shigella (dysentery)
Klebsiella (pneumonia)
Yersinia (bubonic plague)
Pasteurellales:
Haemophilus influenzae (meningitis in children)
Psuedomonadales- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Vibrionales - Vibrio cholerae
Epsilon -proteo bacteria
Gram (-) rods that are helical or curved
Helicobacter
H. pyroli: Causes gastritis & peptic ulcers
Low G+C Main groups
Mollicutes (mycoplasma, wall-less)
-Pleomorphic
Clostridia
- Walls
- Endospores
- ANareobic
Bacilli
- Walls
- Endospores
- Aerobic (and fac. anearobic)
- Lactobacillales
- Walls
- No Endospores
Mollicutes
(mycoplasma, wall-less)
Gram + Low G+C
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Causes atypical pneumonia
Clostridias
Obligate anaerobic
Produce endospore
C. botulinum (botulism)
C. tetani (tetanus)
C. perfringens (gas gangrene)
C. difficile (diarrhea and colitis)
Bacilli:
Have cell wall (cocci and bacillus)
Bacillus: Endospore-producing rods
B. cereus (food poisoning)
Staphylococcus
Gram (+) cocci
S. aureus (food poisoning, boils, pimples
Lactobacilli:
Have cell wall (cocci and bacillus)
Generally, aerotolerant anaerobes
Lactobacillus (normal flora of vagina)
Listeria (food poisoning)
Streptococcus (strep throat, impetigo…)
Enterococcus (UTIs, Endocarditis)
High G+C
Actinomycetes (filamentous- antibiotics producers)
Corynebacterium
Mycobacteria
M. tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)
Propionibacterium acnes (acne)
Gardnerella
Gardnerella vaginalis (Bacterial vaginosis)
common mycoses
Cutaneous mycoses (Dermatophytes)
Tinea infections (skin, hair, and nails)
Trichophyton mentagrophyte (skin, nails, hair)
Microsporum canis (skin, nails, hair)
Major cause of ringworm
Tinea capitis (scalp)&Tinea corporis (body)
Epidermophyton floccosum (skin and nails
Giardia lamblia
(can form cyst)
Infects intestines- giardiasis (Beaver fever)
Trichomonas vaginalis:
causes Trichomoniasis (STI)
No cyst form, infected through skin-to-skin contact
Anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasite
Most common pathogenic protozoan industrialized countries.
Toxoplasma gondii
Felids (cat) family (definitive hosts),
Sporulated oocysts taken up via food or water
Warm-blooded animals (intermediate hosts).
Pregnant women cleaning cat litter.
Sporozoites from oocytes differentiate into tachyzoites (rapid) in epithelial cells of small intestines.
Tachyzoites develop into bradyzoites (cysts encased in neural and muscular tissues).
In intermediate host, cysts for in brain, heart, eyes, and fetus
Cats eat cyst-containing meat to start the cycle cysts.
Trichinosis (or trichinellosis
Caused by eating raw or undercooked pork or wild game infected with the larvae of a roundworm, `
Taenia saginata , Taenia solium and Diphyllobothrium latum
tape worms
Order types of M/Os from least to most susceptible to antibiotics
Prions
Endospores
Gram (-)
Naked virus
Gram (+)
Enveloped virus
Polyhedral Viruses
adenovirus and poliovirus
Enveloped Viruses
SARS Coronavirus (cause of COVID-19)
Influenzavirus (flu virus)
Herpesvirus (Chickenpox, Mono)
Naked Viruses
Rhinovirus (common cold)
Poliovirus (Polio)
Norwalk (Gastroenteritis)
ssRNA(+) viruses
SARS coronavirus (Covid-19)
Enterovirus D68
Poliovirus,
Rhinovirus,
Hepatitis A virus
ssRNA(-) virus:
Influenza virus
Measles virus
Ebola virus
Rabies
dsRNA virus:
Rotavirus
Retrovirus (RNA virus)
HIV AIDS
Largest group of known viruses
dsDNA
Oncogenic DNA viruses
Human Herpesvirus
Papillomavirus
Cervical cancer (almost all)
Hepatis B virus
Liver cancer
dsDNA virus
Herpes simplex virus, papillomavirus, Varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, smallpox,
