Bacteria and viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Food borne bacteria
Gram-positive, low G+C, Bacilli
spherical in clusters

causing food poisoning, boils, pimples

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2
Q

Nonproteobacteria

A

Gram(-)

Chlamydiae
Chlamydia trachomatis, STD and eye infections.

Spirochetales
Borrelia burgdorferi, causes of Lyme disease
Transmitted by deer ticks (black-legged ticks)
Summer disease

Treponema pallidum, cause of syphilis

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3
Q

Alpha-proteo bacteria

A

Gram(-)

agriculturally important bacteria

obligate intracellular parasites

Bartonella
Brucella: Brucellosis
Zoonotic diseases (most common zoonotic disease,

Rickettsia: Arthropod-borne, Spotted fevers

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4
Q

Beta-proteo bacteria

A

Neisseria: Gram (-) cocci
N. meningitides (meningitis)
N. gonorrhoeae (STIs)

Bordetella: Gram (-) rods
B. pertussis (whooping cough)

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5
Q

Gamma-proteobacteria

A

Gram(-)

Enterobacteriales (enterics) – In the Clinic
Gram (-) rods, peritrichous, facultative anaerobes, fermenters of glucose
Escherichia (diarrheas) In the Clinic
Salmonella (diarrheas, typhoid )
Shigella (dysentery)
Klebsiella (pneumonia)
Yersinia (bubonic plague)

Pasteurellales:
Haemophilus influenzae (meningitis in children)
Psuedomonadales- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Vibrionales - Vibrio cholerae

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6
Q

Epsilon -proteo bacteria

A

Gram (-) rods that are helical or curved
Helicobacter
H. pyroli: Causes gastritis & peptic ulcers

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7
Q

Low G+C Main groups

A

Mollicutes (mycoplasma, wall-less)
-Pleomorphic

Clostridia
- Walls
- Endospores
- ANareobic

Bacilli
- Walls
- Endospores
- Aerobic (and fac. anearobic)

  • Lactobacillales
  • Walls
  • No Endospores
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8
Q

Mollicutes

A

(mycoplasma, wall-less)
Gram + Low G+C

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Causes atypical pneumonia

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9
Q

Clostridias

A

Obligate anaerobic
Produce endospore

C. botulinum (botulism)
C. tetani (tetanus)
C. perfringens (gas gangrene)
C. difficile (diarrhea and colitis)

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10
Q

Bacilli:

A

Have cell wall (cocci and bacillus)
Bacillus: Endospore-producing rods

B. cereus (food poisoning)

Staphylococcus
Gram (+) cocci
S. aureus (food poisoning, boils, pimples

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11
Q

Lactobacilli:

A

Have cell wall (cocci and bacillus)
Generally, aerotolerant anaerobes

Lactobacillus (normal flora of vagina)
Listeria (food poisoning)
Streptococcus (strep throat, impetigo…)
Enterococcus (UTIs, Endocarditis)

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12
Q

High G+C

A

Actinomycetes (filamentous- antibiotics producers)
Corynebacterium

Mycobacteria
M. tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)

Propionibacterium acnes (acne)
Gardnerella
Gardnerella vaginalis (Bacterial vaginosis)

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13
Q

common mycoses

A

Cutaneous mycoses (Dermatophytes)
Tinea infections (skin, hair, and nails)
Trichophyton mentagrophyte (skin, nails, hair)
Microsporum canis (skin, nails, hair)
Major cause of ringworm
Tinea capitis (scalp)&Tinea corporis (body)
Epidermophyton floccosum (skin and nails

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14
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

(can form cyst)
Infects intestines- giardiasis (Beaver fever)

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15
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis:

A

causes Trichomoniasis (STI)
No cyst form, infected through skin-to-skin contact

Anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasite
Most common pathogenic protozoan industrialized countries.

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16
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Felids (cat) family (definitive hosts),

Sporulated oocysts taken up via food or water
Warm-blooded animals (intermediate hosts).
Pregnant women cleaning cat litter.
Sporozoites from oocytes differentiate into tachyzoites (rapid) in epithelial cells of small intestines.
Tachyzoites develop into bradyzoites (cysts encased in neural and muscular tissues).
In intermediate host, cysts for in brain, heart, eyes, and fetus
Cats eat cyst-containing meat to start the cycle cysts.

17
Q

Trichinosis (or trichinellosis

A

Caused by eating raw or undercooked pork or wild game infected with the larvae of a roundworm, `

18
Q

Taenia saginata , Taenia solium and Diphyllobothrium latum

A

tape worms

19
Q

Order types of M/Os from least to most susceptible to antibiotics

A

Prions
Endospores
Gram (-)
Naked virus
Gram (+)
Enveloped virus

20
Q

Polyhedral Viruses

A

adenovirus and poliovirus

21
Q

Enveloped Viruses

A

SARS Coronavirus (cause of COVID-19)
Influenzavirus (flu virus)
Herpesvirus (Chickenpox, Mono)

22
Q

Naked Viruses

A

Rhinovirus (common cold)
Poliovirus (Polio)
Norwalk (Gastroenteritis)

23
Q

ssRNA(+) viruses

A

SARS coronavirus (Covid-19)
Enterovirus D68
Poliovirus,
Rhinovirus,
Hepatitis A virus

24
Q

ssRNA(-) virus:

A

Influenza virus
Measles virus
Ebola virus
Rabies

25
Q

dsRNA virus:

A

Rotavirus

26
Q

Retrovirus (RNA virus)

A

HIV AIDS

27
Q

Largest group of known viruses

A

dsDNA

28
Q

Oncogenic DNA viruses

A

Human Herpesvirus
Papillomavirus
Cervical cancer (almost all)
Hepatis B virus
Liver cancer

29
Q

dsDNA virus

A

Herpes simplex virus, papillomavirus, Varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, smallpox,