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Bacteremia and septicemia Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Define bacteremia.
A

Bacteria in the blood

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2
Q
  1. Define septicemia
A

A physiologic response to the presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood stream

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3
Q

Define sepsis

A

. A life-threatening physiological response to an infection which results in organ damage. Most commonly a bloodstream infection.

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4
Q
  1. Gram negative cocci are rod shaped and have a thick cell wall and stain blue. TRUE/FALSE
A

False

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5
Q
  1. Gram negative bacilli are rod shaped and stain red. TRUE/FALSE
A

True

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6
Q
  1. What bacteria are associated with TB?
A

acid fast mycobacteria

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7
Q
  1. What is the most virulent species of staphylococcus and what does it look like?
A

Staphylococcus aureus, The grapes of staph, blue cocci in clusters

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8
Q
  1. How does streptococcus pyogenes look different from staphylococcus?
A

Streptococcus forms long blue chains instead of clusters

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9
Q
  1. What bacteria causes strep through?
A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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10
Q
  1. What bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease?
A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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11
Q
  1. What does streptococcus pneumoniae look like?
A

Gram positive (blue) diplococci (pairs)

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12
Q
  1. What does Neisseria gonorrhea look like?
A

Gram negative (red) cocci

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13
Q
  1. What are the symptoms of Neisseria meningitides infection and what type of bacteria causes it?
A

Inflammation in the lining of the brain, severe headache and stiff neck. Palpable purpura (skin is bleeding from the vessles), gram negative (red) cocci

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14
Q
  1. What type of gram negative bacilli are associated with contaminated beef and chicken?
A

E. Coli & Salmonella

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15
Q
  1. What type of gram negative bacilli is associated with bloody diarrhea or dysentery?
A

Shigella

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16
Q
  1. What curable and preventable disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and what bacteria causes it? Describe the bacteria. How is it spread?
A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis or TB, acid fast bacilli, air born

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17
Q
  1. What are the symptoms of TB?
A

Coughing, sputum production, may disseminate in immunocompromised individuals

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18
Q
  1. What is XDR-TB?
Study These Flashcards
A

Extensive drug resistant TB

19
Q
  1. What factors determine whether a person will become infected with TB?
Study These Flashcards
A

Bacterial load, aerosol generation (sneezing), intensity and duration of exposure, ventilation, innate defenses, cell-mediated immunity, malnutrition

20
Q
  1. What determines severity of TB infection?
Study These Flashcards
A

Immune system

21
Q
  1. What type of disease is Lyme disease and what type of bacteria causes it?
Study These Flashcards
A

Vector born infection, The spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi

22
Q
  1. What are the 4 ways viruses are classified?
Study These Flashcards
A

Nucleic acid: DNA or RNA virus and single strand or double strand, type of tissue they infect, size and lipoprotein envelope

23
Q
  1. What are 3 ways viruses enter a cell?
Study These Flashcards
A

Binds to receptor, phagocytosed, and viral envelope fuses w/membrane

24
Q
  1. What are two processes of virus shedding?
Study These Flashcards
A

Budding and cell lysis

25
27. Explain viral driven carcinogenesis.
DNA viruses hide (latent) in the DNA of cells and with oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunosuppression they are reactivated which causes the cellular changes that lead to cancer
26
28. Explain how bacterial superinfection kills people infected with the flu virus.
The Respiratory immune system (cilia) becomes impaired in the flu causing the lungs to become infected with bacteria
27
29. Why do we get a new flu shot every year?
The virus changes its surface antigens in a process called antigenic drift or shift
28
30. What causes influenza pandemics?
A shift in antigenic variation
29
31. What is a common cause of pneumonia in kids that causes wheezing?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
30
32. What is the most common cause of deaths in infants worldwide?
Rotavirus
31
33. What acute infection of the liver is caused by fecal-oral transmission?
Hepatitis A virus
32
34. What chronic infection of the liver is caused by sexual contact or blood exposure?
Hepatitis B & C
33
35. What might be the end result of long-term infection with Hepatitis B &C?
cirrhosis and carcinoma of the liver
34
36. What are the childhood exanthems?
Viral rashes such as measles and rubella
35
37. What symptoms present in measles virus infection?
Encephalitis, rash that starts at the forehead and spreads downwar
36
38. What symptoms present in the rubella virus?
Crosses the placenta and infects the fetus causing congenital malformations, rash starts on cheeks and spreads downward
37
39. What virus causes shingles in adults?
Varicella
38
40. What virus causes severe hemorrhagic meningitis?
Herpes virus
39
41. What virus can cause DNA changes in the nucleus of cells that leads to cervical cancer?
Human papilloma virus
40
Bacterial Classification Shape
On the basis of Morphology Biochemistry Genetics King Phillip Come Out for God Sake Stratification ``` Kingdom Phylum Class Order Genus Species ```
41
What is bacteremia and septiemia?
Bacteremia - bacteria in the blood. Septicemia: slightly different the presence of various (pus forming) bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream capable of generating sepsis. Blood poisoning (coll)* Sepsis: a life-threatening physiological response to an infection which results in organ damage. Most commonly, but not always due to a bloodstream infection. Bacteremia > Septicemia > Sepsis > Septic Shock** Severity and Physiological Derangement * Greek: poison in putrid blood * * In shock, blood supply doesn't meet demands
42
Gram negative cocci
Gram negative cocci Gonococus - gonorrhea Meningococus - meningitis Neisseria meningitidis Is the cause of spinal meningitis and can cause minor epidemics in crowded conditions
43
5 F's of infection spread
Fomites, fingers, food, flies, feces

Pathology (9 decks)

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