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New Testament > Background Knowledge > Flashcards

Background Knowledge Flashcards

0
Q

Who was Alexander the Great?

A

The king of Macedonia during 336-323 BCE. He ruled the world and wanted to be like Akilies.

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1
Q

What is Palestine?

A

A tiny area that the Jews lived in that was taken over by major players throughout the years.

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2
Q

Who were the three Generals that took over after Alexander the Great?

A
  1. Ptolemy I - founded the Ptolemaic Dynasty and they first took over Palestine.
  2. Seleucis - founded the Seleucid Dynasty and took over after the Ptolemaics and created Hellenization.
  3. Antigonus - controlled Greece
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3
Q

What is Hellenization?

A

The turning of everyone into a specific culture. Ex. Judaism was outlawed and they were turned into Greeks because of Antiochus III Epiphanes (the ruler of the Seleucids)

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4
Q

Hasidim (Hasideans)

A

The “pious” ones. These people felt that they would be better off dead than become Greeks.

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5
Q

Who was Mattathias?

A

He was a man that wouldn’t perform a sacrifice for Rome because he was Jewish and wouldn’t let them turn him into a Greek. When he finds out that another Jewish man does the sacrifice, he decides to kill all of them involved and starts the Maccabean Revolt.

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6
Q

What is the Maccabean Revolt?

A

A revolt led by Mattathias and Judas Maccabeus (the hammer) and they take back Palestine and defeat the Seleucids.

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7
Q

165 BCE

A

The year that the Jews won their land back and caused Hanukkah to be made a holiday.

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8
Q

What was the Hasmonean Dynasty?

A

The ruled Palestine from 142-140 BCE because the Jews wanted a king so they created this dynasty and it failed.

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9
Q

63 BCE

A

John Hyrcanus II’s younger brother, Hristobulus II, declared himself king and high priest so John asked the Romans to help overthrow his brother so he could be king. They sent General Pompey and Rome ends up in charge while John is an ethnarch.

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10
Q

Ethnarch

A

A governor or step below king

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11
Q

Herod the Great

A

40 BCE - he was the ruler of Palestine. He built the Port of Syria, Masada, and rebuilt the temple. Everyone lived in fear because he was very violent.

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12
Q

Masada

A

A safe place in the woods for Herod to go to if anything were to happen.

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13
Q

The Jewish War

A

66 - 73 CE. This took place after the crucifixion.

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14
Q

70 CE

A

Nero was the ruler of Rome and sent Vespasian and his son to destroy the Jews in 70 CE. He also ruined the temple.

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15
Q

What are the 3 languages of the bible?

A
  1. Latin - the language of the government
  2. Greek - a more common language (koine - common)
  3. Aramaic - the language that the Jews spoke
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16
Q

Pharisees

A

“The separate ones” - they wanted to focus on the law so they kept to themselves and interoperated the bible to understand the real meaning.

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17
Q

What did the Pharisees believe?

A
  1. Foreordination: history is divinely controlled (God)
  2. Immortality of the soul and resurrection of the body
  3. Developed view of angels and demons
  4. Hebrew Scriptures: oral tradition (613 laws)
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18
Q

Sadducees

A

“Righteous ones” - originated from Zadok. They were small in size but great in power due to religious and political status. They resided mostly in Jerusalem and were mediators for the Jews and Romans.

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19
Q

Sanhedrin Council

A

This was the great council and they only believed in the Hebrew Scriptures and die out after 70 CE.

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20
Q

Essenes

A

ascetic Jewish section: they abstained from everything to be as faithful as they could. They had an apocalyptic outlook on life and founded Qumran.

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21
Q

Dead Sea Scrolls

A

The life of the Qumran’s was founded in Qumran about the Jewish war.

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22
Q

Herodians

A

Worked with the Romans

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23
Q

Zealots

A

More of a political party. They took part in the Jewish War and killed themselves at Masada in 73 CE.

24
Q

Am ha arets

A

“The common people” - 90% of the population that wanted to just wake up each day and live.

25
Q

Scribes and Rabbais

A

“My great one” - they were extremely respected

26
Q

Greek Philosophy

A

the love of wisdom

27
Q

Socrates

A

created dialectic and always asked questions

28
Q

Plato

A

took Socrates ideas and put them to use

29
Q

What is Dualistic Reality?

A

It is the imperfect reality - what we see and can feel

30
Q

What is Perfect Reality?

A

It is what we can’t see that’s better than what we physically have.

31
Q

What is Stacism?

A

It was founded by Zeno in Athens and believe reason is what makes the world tick and if it didn’t make sense they got rid of it.

32
Q

What is Epicureanism?

A

It is if something hurts, don’t do it again and enjoy life.

33
Q

What is Cynics?

A

They were founded by Antisthenes and means like a dog because they wanted to get back to living in nature and with basics.

34
Q

Skeptics

A

Believed that knowledge is unattainable and to be cautious

35
Q

Canonization

A

They had trouble picking the 27 books to go in the New Testament.

36
Q

Marcion

A

In 140 CE they faced the gnostic crisis and that they should only have a few books in the New Testament.

37
Q

367 CE

A

When they finally decided what books to use because Athanasuis had chosen some and told everyone what he was using.

38
Q

List the translations:

A
  1. Septuagint - Greek
  2. Vulgate - Latin
  3. English - Wycliffe version - Greek -Latin - 1382
  4. Tyndale - Greek - English - 1525
  5. King James - 1611
39
Q

King James was made in what year?

A

1611 CE

40
Q

Evangelion

A

“Good news” - an evangelist is someone who shares good news.

41
Q

What is a Passion Narrative?

A

The last week of Jesus’ life.

42
Q

History of Acts

A

Luke going around sharing the history

43
Q

What is Letters?

A

Paul deals with the issues of the life of the early church.

44
Q

Apocalypse

A

Uncovering and providing hope to people.

45
Q

What is textual criticism?

A

No single copy of the New Testament.

46
Q

What is interpretive criticism?

A

The sitz em leben.

47
Q

Sitz em leben

A

The setting in life.

48
Q

What is source criticism?

A

What sources were used - synoptic problem.

49
Q

What is form criticism?

A

Look at the smaller parts of the text.

50
Q

What is sociohistorical criticism?

A

Relies on what’s been discovered.

51
Q

What is literacy criticism?

A

What type of literature?

52
Q

Redaction

A

Big - small

53
Q

Canomical

A

Small - big.

54
Q

What is Kerygma?

A

A proclamation which means to tell people something important - the 1st was a women.

55
Q

What is the synoptic problem?

A

MT MK LK - who came first?

56
Q

Canonical Theory

A

MT - MK - LK. MK used MT as a source and then LK used MK as a source. LK used 2 sources while MK used one source.

57
Q

Griesbach Theory

A

MT - LK - MK. MK was shorter and more crude than the rest so why not use that information?

58
Q

2 Document Theory

A

MK gave information to MT and LK but MT and LK never mixed together. Instead, they had the Queller source which was a hypothetical source that only MT and LK had access to which is why MK is so short.

New Testament (9 decks)

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