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V - KCU - MSK1 (T1) - OMS1 > Back Osteology > Flashcards

Back Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

What is vertebral body osteoporosis

A

A common metabolic disease that is often detected during routine radiographic studies

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2
Q

What does osteoporosis result from

A

A net demineralization of the bones caused by a disruption of the normal balance of calcium deposition and resorption

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3
Q

What are the most affected areas due to osteoporosis

A

Neck of the femur
Bodies of the vertebrae
Metacarpals
Radius

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4
Q

How is osteoporosis observed in radiographic settings

A

Diminished radiodenisty of the trabecular (spongy) bone of the vertebral bodies, causing the thinned cortical bone to appeas relatively prominent

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5
Q

Where is vertebral body osteoporosis most common

A

Thoracic vertebra of postmenopausal women

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6
Q

What is a laminectomy

A

The surgical excision of one or more spinous processes and the adjacent supporting vertebral laminae in a particular region of the vertebral column

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7
Q

Why are laminectomy’s performed (2 reasons)

A

To gain access to the vertebral canal to provide posterior exposure of the spinal cord and/or roots of specific nerves

Can also be performed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots caused by a tumor

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8
Q

Why are cervical vertebrae less tightly packed

A

Because of their more horizontally oriented articular facets

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9
Q

A radiographic image may not show damage to the spinal cord if what occurs

A

The dislocation does not result in facet jumping with locking of the displaced articular processes

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10
Q

What is a Jefferson fracture

A

A rupture of both arches of the Atlas

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11
Q

Does a Jefferson fracture necessarily mean SCI? Why or why not?

A

No, because the dimensions of the bony ring actually increase. However, if the transverse ligament is ruptured, then SCI can occur

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12
Q

How can a Jefferson fracture occur

A

A blow to the top of the head by a falling object or a diving accident are the most common

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13
Q

What is the most common injury of the cervical spine

A

Fractures of the vertebral arch of the axis (hangman’s fracture)

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14
Q

What causes a hangman’s fracture?

A

Hyperextension of the head on the neck

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15
Q

Fracture of the odontoid process is caused by what

A

A horizontal blow to the head

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16
Q

What two conditions can occur if the Odontoid Process is fractured

A
  1. The OP breaks at the base - usually will not heal

2. The OP breaks inferior to the base - will heal

17
Q

What is lumbar stenosis

A

Narrowing of the vertebral column in one or more lumbar

18
Q

Where is anesthesia placed in a caudal epidural anesthesia

A

They are injected into the fat of the sacral canal that surrounds the proximal portions of the sacral neves, usually via the sacral hiatus

19
Q

What is 1.) hemisacralization and 2.) sacralization

A
  1. L5 is partly incorporated into the sacrum

2. L5 is completely incorporated into the sacrum

20
Q

What is lumbarization of the S1 vertebra

A

S1 is separated from the sacrum and fused with L5

21
Q

What is spinabifida occulta

A

The vertebral lamina fail to fuse and close off the vertebral canal. This usually occurs at L5 and S1

22
Q

What is spinabifida cysrtica

A

The vertebral arches fail to develop at all, much more severe

23
Q

Where does the head of each rib articulate

A

The inferior costal demifcet of the thoracic vertebral segment above the rib number and the superior costal demifacet of the thoracic vertebral segment of the same number

24
Q

What is spondylosis

A

A degenerative joint disease which involves calcification of the edges of the vertebral body and can cause localized pain and stiffness

25
Q

What is spondyloLYsis

A

Separation of the vertebra arch from the vertebral body

26
Q

What is spondylolisthesis

A

An anterior displacement of the vertebral body on the inferior vertebral segment

27
Q

Describe a Lumbar Puncture

A

A needle is inserted between either the L3/L4 or L4/L5 at the level of the iliac crest. As the needle passes through the liagmentum flacum, it pops and passes into the lumbar cistern and into the dura and arachnoid matter

28
Q

What are the primary curvatures

A

The thoracic and sacral kyphoses

29
Q

What are the secondary curvatures

A

Cervical and lumbar lordoses

V - KCU - MSK1 (T1) - OMS1 (16 decks)

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